The Allocation Of R&D Expenditure And Its Inspiration To China

R&D activities are key links and sources of constantly improving science and technology innovation strength and sustainable development. And R&D activities carried out smoothly are based on R&D expenditure input. The scale, source and expenditure structure of R&D expenditure input of a country have become the important factors of influencing science and technology innovation ability and comprehensive national strength. The United States is the world’s science and technology and economic power with a complete national innovation system and reasonable R&D expenditure allocation structure. Investigating the source of R&D expenditure of the United States and the present situation and evolution law of its expenditure structure is of important reference significance for optimizing current allocation of R&D expenditure in China. We study R&D expenditure of the United States as a whole based on the total index, incremental index and average index of R&D expenditure, including the total R&D expenditure, annual average growth rate of R&D expenditure, R&D intensity and R&D expenditure per capita. We analyze the R&D expenditure from three aspects which are scale, source structure and expenditure structure of R&D expenditure of the United States (including four expenditure allocation structures classified by activity type, executive sector, industrial sector and space).Besides we use longitudinal and transverse dimensions which are respectively space and time comparison to discuss the R&D expenditure. Here are conclusions:1. The United States is at the core position of the spatial pattern of global R&D expenditure compared with other countries with great advantage on the scale of its R&D expenditure.2.Industry is the source and executive main body of R&D expenditure; and the federal government is also an important department of R&D expenditure sources, playing a guiding role; university and college R&D expenditure play an increasingly important role on the execution of R&D expenditure, mainly engaged in basic research.3. During the study period the focus of R&D expenditure allocation by activity type allocation is basic research. Attaching importance to investment in basic research expenditure is the foundation of technological innovation sustained development in the United States.4. The space distribution of the United States R&D expenditure is not balanced, with California outshining others. And R&D expenditure along the Pacific, Atlantic and the great lakes are relatively high; and the spatial distribution of R&D intensity presents the obvious regional difference. New Mexico whose main R&D expenditure input by the federal government is the first; in terms of R&D expenditure per capita, regional differences in various areas of the United States are relatively balanced, but we can still find that coastal places are higher, inland is lower; In addition, each source main body and executive main body of the United States R&D expenditure has different characteristics in spatial distribution.5. R&D expenditure space-time evolution presents more stable, small amplitude of continuous change with relatively stable spatial pattern. Finally, we put forward suggestions on R&D expenditure allocation in China referring to R&D allocation in the United States.