The Spatio-temporal Pattern And Yield Factors Analysis Of Grain Production In Heilongjiang Province

Grain problem has always been a hot issue, but also one of the topics focus on the countries of the world government. In the context of the financial crisis, the world food crisis intensified is an indisputable fact."Hands of food, the heart does not panic," Premier Wen Jiabao’s famous phrase on food security is well known. The food is the country’s economic development and social stability, but also the relationship between the fundamental question of national survival and development,2013"No.1Document","eighteen". Heilongjiang Province as one of13major grain-producing provinces and the country’s largest commodity grain production base, shouldering the task of national food security,"two plain" demonstration area in2013to carry out a more prominent strategic role of agriculture in Heilongjiang Province, thereby increasing the overall grain production capacity is both a necessary requirement to ensure national food security, but also the economic development of Heilongjiang Province and the objective requirements of rich farmers.Based on the review of relevant research at home and abroad, first defined the concept of food and determine the theoretical basis of the study, explained the current situation of food production in Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, from the aspect of food production, yields and planting structure, carrying out a large number of collecting information and data, after finishing, the use of GIS methods and gravity model to analyze the pattern of food production and its regional differences in spatial1997-201113prefecture-level city in Heilongjiang province in food production, the use of mathematical statistics for1981-2011in food production conduct analysis of influencing factors and the major factors to calculate the contribution to the growth rate of food production, quantifies the closeness between the various factors of food production. Finally, according to the comprehensive grain production capacity factors analysis of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, the actual situation of food production, Heilongjiang Province proposed to improve the overall grain production capacity of countermeasures and suggestions. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) From the time perspective of food production from1981to2011showed a clear upward trend in Heilongjiang Province, which fluctuate significantly from1990to2003between grain output in2003, after production continued rapid growth in2011reached55.706million t; province’s grain the average yield in2011was4842.8kg/hm2, an increase of142.38%compared to 1981, lower than the same period the average yield of rice crops and corn, wheat and soybeans higher; acreage has also been a significant increase compared to the previous,1981’s728.2million hm2increased to13,759,000in2011hm2, the average annual growth of1.05%. Crop planting structure has undergone great changes, a significant increase in the proportion of rice cultivation, while significantly reducing the proportion of wheat, wheat and corn from food crops planting structure changes in rice and corn. Rice, corn class high-yield crops sown in the proportion of grain from24.73%in1981rising to67.97%in2011, while wheat, soy proportion of low-yielding crops downward trend, falling from54.79%in1981to201128.18%.(2) From the point of view of space, food production areas in Heilongjiang Province differences, with an average annual yield of poles close to40:1ratio, the average annual yield and the average annual growth rate was negatively correlated with average annual production of focus in Harbin, Qiqihar and Suihua nearby, while the average annual growth concentrated in Yichun, Hegang, Shuangyashan region; distribution of the different varieties of food crops Heilongjiang Province, formed Harbin, Qiqihar and Suihua mainly corn belt to Harbin and Jiamusi of Suihua the main rice-growing belt in Qiqihar, mainly soybean belt Heihe, Heihe mainly wheat belt; production center for food along the "Southeast-northwest-northeast" trajectory moves, showing "north eastward" Overall the trend from1997to2001grain production center moved from441.76m, speed of88.35m/a; moving during2001-2006from256.64m, speed of42.77m/a; moving distance59.57m period2006-2011, the rate of9.93m/a, moving speed decreases, the spatial pattern of production advantages region stabilized.(3) Throughout the study period (1981-2011years), total grain output increased by345.65%. Among them, the increase in crop acreage, crop structure adjustment and upgrading of the total crop yield production was73.32%contribution rate,15.98%and10.70%respectively. But the existence of the province’s total grain output increased by factors of significant timing differences during the1981and-19861991-1996rely mainly on increasing food production to improve yields in2001-2004-2011past decade mainly by expanding acreage to increase food production while1986-1991is to improve crop yield changes by adjusting the planting structure, and thus boost to increase food production.The influencing factors of grain production in Heilongjiang province area, planting area expansion played a dominant position.