Study On The Risk Management Of Dairy Professional Cooperatives In Heilongjiang Province

Since China’s reform and opening up and the amount of milk and dairy products production sustained growth, dairy industry has more and more obvious effect to realize China’s agricultural modernization, increase farmers’ income, increase consumption, and improve the national physical quality. As the rapidly developement of dairy industry, dairy farming organizations constantly upgrade in our country. The management of dairy producting changed from original dairy farmers gradually to the organization for economic cooperation, such as dairy professional cooperatives. In the dairy industry chain, dairy professional cooperatives not only has close relationship with raw milk production, but also has close relations with the dairy processing and marketing,so the importance of its location is self-evident. Facing the complex economic form, the formation of dairy professional cooperatives has important significance to jointly resist all kinds of risks, reducing operating costs and improving dairy farmers’income.Based on the cooperative economy theory and risk management theory, using the field research method, analytic hierarchy process (ahp), expert scoring method and other research methods, this paper operates from the risks of Heilongjiang dairy professional cooperatives,analyzes types, origin and characteristics of the risks, and establishes Heilongjiang dairy professional cooperatives risk evaluation index system. Cooperative risks can be divided into six categories as decision-making risk, system risk, credit risk, breeding risk, market risk and policy risk. This paper selects a dairy professional cooperative as samples to give scores on six kinds of risks respectively, evaluates the main factors what influence the six kinds of risks, establishes comprehensive evaluation index system to determine affect the risk of professional cooperatives.The results indicate there are many risks affecting the professional cooperatives operating. Policymakers capacity, regulatory system and decision-making mechanism are the most key factors what affect the professional cooperatives decision-making risk;Operation specification levels, clear responsibilities and system consummation degree are the most important factors affecting dairy professional cooperatives system risk; In the evaluation of credit risk, the terms of the contract, benefit coupling mechanism and risk sharing mechanism are the most important factors; For breeding risk, natural environment, disease prevention and control and the quality and safety of raw milk are the important factors to measure the breeding risk; Market risk can be measured by raising price and raw material milk price; Policy risk can use policy making, policy content and policy implementation these three factors to reflect. In evaluating the overall index system of the dairy professional cooperatives risk, decision-making risk, market risk and credit risk are the most important risks what affect the professional cooperatives. According to the assessment index system of the main risks, improve the decision-making mechanism, improving the institutional mechanisms, strengthening the benefit coupling mechanism, optimization of breeding management level, standardizing the market management, improving the policy support, establishing the risk early warning mechanism are the countermeasures to reduce the risks of Heilongjiang dairy professional cooperatives and to promote the healthy development of cooperatives.