| The purpose of this paper is on the basis of summing up of the direct control of the county finance reform pilot experience, explore how to further deepen the reform and the rise and transformation of these experiences for the system to cure existing achievements. A big problem in our traditional administrative level management is the level set too much, leading to the management of local government such as bureaucratic style like many ills, continue to seriously affect the economic and social development. Implementation of the direct control of the county fiscal reform, management level and management of magnitude theory is to learn from the West, and to simplify the central level to the grassroots political power of the financial times, and expand the range of financial management of all levels, and to improve the efficiency of the financial management of all levels of government in China. Current actual city of China’s domestic governing county administrative management system began in earnest in the late1950s, initially formed in the1980s, the original intention was to drive through system of city governing counties neighboring county economic development, so as to promote the economic and social development. Objectively speaking, does play an active role in the strength and scale of growth of the urban economy, to break the poor condition of the urban-rural dual economic segmentation, as well as stimulating rural economic development and raising the city’s well-known. But as China’s economy continues to move forward, originally just blur the municipal local administrative bodies, evolving as the actual existence of a regime, but there is also a lot of problems and ills. Our drawbacks system of city governing counties are as follows:First, system of city governing counties severely restrict and hinder the development of the county and the rural economy; Second, system of city governing counties reduce administrative efficiency, administrative costs; once again, the city pipe the county system contribute to the regional protectionism, caused by economic region segmentation. In the current situation, the reform of the direct control of the county in which the progressive introduction of achieved great results, and to promote the development of rural areas and the majority of the county economy, specific view from the following aspects:first, to improve the place most of the region production, encouraging the economic development of the county; Second, to reduce the level of local financial management system, improve the operational efficiency of the local government’s fiscal. Streamlining of local fiscal management level, in line with the principle of proportionality Western Management in the management hierarchy; Third, to reduce the phenomenon of local protectionism and promote the balanced development of the county economy. Since the domestic provinces succession since the implementation of the direct control of the county fiscal reform, the results achieved is very significant for all to see. But gradual deepening of the reform, the various aspects of the problems exposed growing reform and advancing the difficulties encountered in more complex. As follows:First, the magnitude of provincial management of the County substantial increase, difficult to manage also rise; Second, the county administrative system of the provincial governing county finance reform and the current market pipe friction; Third City, resulting in a de facto interest in the game between the county and the unfavorable situation; fourth, is not conducive to the culture and the formation of the regional center of the city; fifth, with the municipal government functions gradually empty, and the resettlement of the members of the municipal administration department and the municipal government functions provincial governing county fiscal reform transition will bring a lot of obstacles and challenges.According to the principle of combining theory and practice, the provincial governing county reform must be combined with the specific national conditions of China’s domestic, in order to better serve China’s economic and social development of the overall situation. Our country because the majority of land area, many ethnic and demographic around the geographical situation and economic development of the situation is quite different, so that the reform can not engage across the board and a set of standards, but should be adapted to local conditions and specific conditions. Due to the advantages of the geographical environment, Zhejiang Province, the provincial governing county fiscal reform has been at the forefront. Province from the early days of the1950s, the provincial governing county financial system has been implemented. In1992, Zhejiang enlarge the authority of the rapid economic development of13counties (cities). Reform by the Municipal County, making the county governments in many aspects of the financial and other prefecture-level cities of equal power and status, and their enthusiasm for economic and social development have been liberated, the county’s many economic subjects, especially private economic power with broader opportunities for survival and development and market space, which the vitality of the county economy is fully mobilized, will greatly contribute to the province within the economic growth and social improvement in the management. At the same time, Zhejiang Province, also began administrative personnel authority on reform of the provincial governing county, that the principal leaders of the county governments, including the number one and number two the appointment and removal of privileges received directly from the municipal government to the provincial government, the implementation of both managing people and Tube provincial governing county fiscal system. Zhejiang Province so quickly and smoothly promote the direct control of the county fiscal reform, is determined by its unique historical and geographical environments and conditions. Zhejiang Province, the province’s land area is small, to determine the number of its jurisdiction counties too few compared to the other provinces. Less than normal due to the total number of counties, Zhejiang easier to implement than other provinces, the provincial governing county fiscal reform. According to the above, the provincial governing county fiscal reform involves a range of management and management levels in management theory. Reduced management levels, the management scope is bound to expand, thereby increasing the difficulty of management of superior to subordinate. Implementation of the direct control of the county fiscal reform, the original provincial cities and counties three fiscal reduced to the provincial and district levels, then, the number of direct jurisdiction of the provincial counties management rate increases. Does not rise much on Zhejiang Province, however, its unique geographical environment determines the number of its counties less than normal, the provincial management of the County no larger amplitude expansion, thus difficult to implement effective management and regulation of the implementation of the direct control of the county fiscal reform will be easier. Hubei Province is taking the expanded first right after the straight tube two-step path of reform. This is determined by the special situation in the province of Hubei Province, is located in China’s central region. Compared to the eastern region, Hubei does not have the first-mover advantage economically developed, nor have offshore location advantages, the county economy is not very strong and active, a considerable part of the region is still must be partially or wholly dependent on their prefecture-level city driven support and the center pulling effect, and therefore can not copy the Zhejiang mode, can not be implemented in all regions of the province one step. Compared to the western region, Hubei Province, but also has its own comparative advantage. Wuhan and its surrounding area, faster thoroughfare of nine provinces "excellent location and traffic conditions, as well as long-term economic growth, the level of urbanization is higher compared to other regions in Hubei province, suburb counties relatively strong economic strength, You can consider direct implementation of the reform of the direct control of the county. The Anhui provincial governing county fiscal reforms go the path of gradualism reform, ie, a progressive and playing safe and steadily push forward the route. Shandong Province practice policy inclination for the assistance and support of the economic and financial aspects, namely economic development is relatively backward-developed counties. At the same time, Shandong Province adopted a personnel policy to support backward areas. Jilin Province, the provincial governing county fiscal reforms are substantially similar practice with Zhejiang and Anhui provinces, such as the expansion of the financial authority of the county government and the city government, weakening the financial capabilities of the prefecture-level cities, and expand the financial capacity of the city and county governments and powers. On this basis, the province has taken a number of innovative policies, such as the implementation of the incentive transfer payment policy. Technological innovation is innovation, institutional innovation is innovation, and equally important. Jilin Province, according to the special situation in the province, the transfer payments and the parties joint cooperation, that belongs to the embodiment of the reform and innovation of specific systems. The province of this practice is not only to provide for their own specific measures of reform, but also for the other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) provides a way to learn and study and learn new mode. In the long term, the provincial governing county fiscal reform must be matched with the direct control of the county reform on the administrative level, that is, not just the financial reform, but from the full range of reforms on the administrative level, the formation of provincial and county (city) two local administrative privileges in order to achieve the ultimate goal of the reform of the provincial governing county. But in the short term, due to the various provinces in the country have their own characteristics and advantages of the respective situation in the province, as well as the characteristics of the major differences, to determine provincial governing county fiscal reforms can not be implemented in one step and one size fits all approach to reform, only and must follow the step-by-step implementation and distribution of incremental reform steps. The implementation of the direct control of the county finance reform, the grassroots financial difficulties and financial power system of city governing counties powers not the situation is to change and to lay the institutional foundation for the improvement of China’s socialist market economic system. This will inevitably result in the re-positioning of the functions of the provincial, city and county levels of local government, and that its functions should be limited to the macro-control of the respective jurisdiction of regional economic and social affairs, by directly or indirectly involved in the various market actors or the production and operation of enterprises activities, to provide better quality of public goods and services, a favorable market environment for micro-economic subjects, all kinds of enterprises to create and maintain a normal and orderly. Implementation of fiscal reforms after the direct control of the county, provincial, city and county levels between local government mutual adjustment and re-positioning of the privileges, inevitably facing re-shuffling and re-layout. Redefinition of the powers and functions of local governments at all levels must follow the principle of mutual division of labor between the Government and the market, specifically, that is, between the government and the market must be a clear separation of responsibilities and boundaries, the government only dry matter within the purview of the Government, market players must also be within the scope of the rules and laws of the market economy to perform its functions, and play a positive role. In the implementation of the direct control of the county finance reform under the new situation, the functions of local government’s fiscal and administrative permissions have more substantial adjustments and changes, before the financial authority and powers of the local governments at all levels in the city governing county financial system are not the adverse situation of the match will be broken, so the grassroots financial difficulties will be eased. However, this situation needs to fixed in the form of a law or some system to maintain and consolidate the direct control of the county fiscal reform both results and continue to move forward on this basis. In the widespread implementation of the direct control of the county fiscal reform, provincial and county-level administrative units directly to practice fiscal docking, which is not conducive to the sound development of China’s economic and social situation in the past under the county-level and grassroots financial difficulties system of city governing counties changed. This makes provincial fiscal larger financial support must be provided directly to the county level and the grass-roots financial, poverty-stricken areas of the county economy, especially the economy is lagging behind the cities and counties can get sufficient financial funds to ensure that the provincial governing county finances Municipal County target of the reform to be truly realized. The central government needs to standardize and improve the local fiscal transfer payment system, the establishment of a comprehensive assessment system of financial incentives, according to local conditions and innovative approach to reform. In addition, you can also take the necessary supporting measures.The innovation of this paper is to analyze and summarize several typical mode provincial governing county fiscal reform, to explore how the system for some time in the future to continue to promote this reform, and a relatively complete summary system to be extended to the country. |
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