| Oasis is a complex system composed of the nature geography entities, which is surrounded bydesert and gobi in arid region, and of the social economic entities, which is humankind to improve onnature. Although its size is small, the oasis has a very high primary productivity and also is thefoundation and carrier of the sustainable development on social economy in arid area. In thecondition of the limited water resource and a certain social economy, whether the process of theoasis evolution in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin is stable is of great significance toecological safety of the inland river basins and to the sustainable development of human society.Studying on the structure and function of oasis in arid area contributes to possessing a profoundknowledge about oasis development. The development and evolution of oasis ecosystem exertsfundamental influence on the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, industry, traffic, transportationand human survival. Oasis benign succession, namely oasis system stability and order, is thefoundation of economic development of the arid area. Emergy theory which is selected in this studyprovides a new theory and methods for studying ecological economic system structure and function.While the Developed Maturity Degree of Oasis (ODMD) can reveal the characteristics of oasisevolution and can scientifically evaluate oasis ecological and social economic function. This studytakes the Zhangye Oasis in the middle reaches of the Hehei River Basin as research object, and dosome quantitative analysis on Zhangy Oasis’ecological economic system from two aspect of theEmergy analysis theory and Developed Maturity Degree of Oasis.Applying the theory of Emergy, this paper analyzed environmental resources of ZhangyeOasis Eco-economy system (included renewable resource of five counties), analyzed agriculturalecosystem input emergy of Non-renewable industrial auxiliary energy (F) and the emergy yield ofagriculture, forestry, Livestock products, fisheries products in agro-ecosystems, and by calculatingthe contribution rate, evaluation the impact of input and yield emergy in county districts on inputemergy and yield emergy in Zhangye city was analyzed. Results showed that:(1)The resource type in Zhangye City mainly includes renewable environment resource, importsand foreign resources and non-renewable resource.The renewable environment resource mainly insolar and water power energy accounts for49.93%of the total resource emergy; the non-resources accounts for40.29%and the imports and foreign resources accounts for9.78%. It can explain thatthe mian resources of Zhangye City comes from the renewable environment resource andnon-renewable resource. In the five counties’emergy of the renewable environment resource,Shandan’s emergy is3.97×1022sej and becomes the biggest value;secondly is Gaotai, which emergyis3.58×1022sej, then followed by Ganzhou（2.96×1022sej）and Minle（2.34×1022sej）. Linze becomesthe smallest value, which emergy is2.19×1022sej.(2)In2010, the total input emergy in Zhanye City’s agricultural eco-economic system is3.02×1021sej. Among which, the renewable environment resource and the non-renewable industrialauxiliary energy account for the total input emergy is72.82%and27.18%. And the total outputemergy is8.48×1024sej,which is made up by agriculture, forestry,animal husbandry and fisheryproducts. These products’ emergy is2.71×1022sej,5.62×1023sej,7.84×1024sej and4.68×1022sej，accounts for0.32%,6.63%,92.50%and0.55%of the total output emergy. Compared to fivecountries’total input emergy of agricultural eco-economic system, the value of Ganzhou is thebiggest, followed by Shandan, Minle and Linze, and Gaotai is the smallest. While in the total outputemergy,the value of Ganzhou is the biggest, followed by Gaotai,Minle and Linze, Shandan is thesmallest.(3)Compared to five countries’input emergy contribution rate on agricultural eco-economicsystem, Ganzhou is the biggest, followed by Shandan and Minle, and Gaotai is the smallest. Whilein output emergy contribution rate, Ganzhou is the biggest, followed by Gaotai, Minle and Linze,Shandan is the smallest.(4)The emergy/GDP rate of Zhangye Oais is2.25×1012sej/$. It explained a higher emergy/GDPrate. Emergy self-sufficiency ratio is0.89. It explained that Zhangye Oasis’ nature resources arerelatively rich, the resource foundation of economic development is relatively strong, the economicsecurity is higher, but the economic development level is not high, belongs to a economicdevelopment model of high resource consumption. Emergy per area is1.10×1011sej/m2，It explainedthat Zhangye Oasis’economic development level is behind and the level of land productivity islow.The emergy per person is3.19×1015sej/person. It explained that people’s living standards andquality is lower. In this paper,the index system of assessment on oasis maturity waspointed outfrom theconstruction of irrigation system, the level of water resources utilization, the construction ofvegetation and ecology, soil weathering degree, the level of agricultural production, the level ofsocial and economy, landscape structure and other seven aspects based on the basic characteristics ofoasis evolution and development.Using expert evaluation method to assess the evaluation ofimportance and integrity of each index.Variation coefficient method and factor analysis method wereused to evaluate the degree of the oasis development of Ganzhou district, Linze county and Gaotaicounty in the Zhangye city which located in the middle reaches of Heihe, and the development andevolution of these oaseswere compared. The results of this paper are summarized as follows:(1)Using the method of coefficient of variation calculated, Ganzhou area’s overalldevelopment degree is the maximum,0.444963, the multinomial index values of Ganzhou districthigher than three oases average value. In contrast, the negative maturity value of Linze oasis andGaotai oasis illustrate the relatively poor development. The development of Gaotai oasis is theworst, which shows the defects in the structure and function of oasis.(2)By the method of factor analysis, the common factor which reflects the level of socialdevelopment mainly is much different between the3oases. The value of Ganzhou district is thehighest. The value of Linze is in the middle. The contrary of value between Gaotai and Ganzhouoasis indicates the poor of social development. Linze’s common factor2which embodiments thelevel of soil and water resources development is the highest,0.327157, followed by the Ganzhouoasis, followed by the Gaotai oasis. But the difference is not more obvious than common factor1.The overall development of oasis, highest in Ganzhou district,11.49103, Linze county followed,lowest in Gaotai county and the little difference of absolute values of development value betweenGaotai county and Ganzhou district elucidate the great difference of development degree betweenGaotai county and Ganzhou district.(3)Based on the evaluation of expert scoring method, the evaluation of the results obtained byapplying methods of the factor analysis and variation coefficient are similarities and differences,because different methods, different angles. The method of Coefficient of Variation mainly reflectsthe different degree among index values. The method of Factor Analysis emphasize the informationcontribution of values. Usually the common factor is comprehensive and can reflect the social, nature and economy of the oasis development. Therefore the two methods have their pros and cons. It canget the same result of the ODMD of the three oases: Ganzhou> Linze> Gaotai in the comprehensiveevaluation of the above two methods. |
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