Study On The Herdsmen Settlement Efficiency And Production And Management Form Of Pastoral Area In North Xinjiang

In this paper, the typical pastoral settlements Ashili Kazak Nationality Town of Changji City was takenas the study area and the herdsmen families were taken as the study object to research.In order to improveherdsmen settlement efficiency and change the mode of production and management in pastoral areas, thispaper use the field investigation and the method of visiting and talking with interviewees who are chosenwith random sampling for questionnaire investigates to study the following contents: Analysis on theeconomic benefits, this part mainly studies the influence of herdsmen settlement on economic income ofherdsmen and factors of pastoralists economic income; Analysis on the ecological benefits, this part mainlystudies the influence of the herdsmen settlement on overall ecological environment of grassland, andvalidates ecological status of the pasture around the herdsmen settlements further; Analysis on the socialbenefits, this part mainly studies the social benefits of herdsmen settlement, including changes ofproduction and life mode; Analysis on the production and management forms, this part mainly determinesthe production and management forms of hersmen settlement, analyzes the economic benefits and find thecritical factors of economic income of each production and management form. The results showed that:1. Per capita income of after settle down ratio increased significantly than before (p<0.05). And theincome source structure becomes diversified. Engel coefficients of after settle down decreased comparingwith before settle down, and the living standards of after settle down have improved greatly. In additionlivestock sheep units, arable land, Livestock and farming investment are the key factor most stronglyaffected to per capita income of herdsman by the further correlations and stepwise regression analysis,indicated that.2. The livestock number of after settle down significantly decreases and the forage production capacityincrease than before settle down. So, the stocking rate decreased significantly and the natural grassland hasbeen restored in some extent. But the results of grassland communities in the settlements aroundmonitoring area shows that the grassland community coverage, height, density and above-ground biomassof the area3-4km from the settlement (inside the fence) was significantly lower than the area6.5-8kmfrom the settlements (p<0.05). And the soil water content, soil bulk density, organic matter content, pHvalue, hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium of inside the fence and the are0.5-2kmfrom the settlements are significantly lower than the area6.5-8km from the settlements (p<0.05).Settlements around the fenced pasture are used fore captivity by herdsmen,which results in more seriousdegradation.3. Living conditions of pastoralists have improved radically and the pastoralist living standards haveraised greatly, mainly in children’s education qualification, medical condition, agricultural machinery andequipment usage, dietary structure, and housing construction. Mean while all kinds of categories ofconsumer spending have also undergone major changes, and better social benefits of herdsmen settlementare obtained in overall settle down.4. The traditional livestock based production management form have converted to diversification ofproduction management by implementation of herdsmen settlement project. The production andmanagement modes were mainly divided7types after herdsmen settlement. The largest herdsmenproportion is the production and management mode of “Grazing+Breeding crows+Farming+Serviceindustry”,39%of the total herdsman. And the herdsmen of this form has the highest per capita income(11320.47CNY�'a-1). The medium per capita income was the production and management form of“Grazing+Breeding crows+Farming”(9488.1CNY.a-1). And the lowest per capita income (2674.75CNY�'a-1) was calculated in “Breeding crows+Farming” type production and management form. There issignificant correlation between per capita income of herdsman and production and management form. Themore diversified production and management form are the higher per capita income is.