On Factors Influencing Peasant Workers’ Urbanization Through A Two Stage Process

With the acceleration of urbanization in our country, more and more migrantworkers flow in the city, according to the results of sample survey of the NationalBureau of Statistics, in2013the national rural migrant workers is269million,6.33million more than previous year, an increase of2.4%.While the number of migrantworkers in urban areas is increasing, but less of them are willing to have a permanenturban residence certificate.In2013,urban resident population proportion is53.7%(including migrant workers), in real terms,the urban population proportion inonly35.7%.In addition, according to the Sichuan&Henan ‘s survey of migrant workers,90%of them registered to a permanent residence.So, what is the truth of theurbanization process?This process is influenced by what on earth?Specifically, urban migration can be divided into three stages, firstly, whether tomigrating to the city, change the identity from farmer to migrant workers, namely thenon-agricultural(Chuan-Jiang,Liu,2008).Secondly,after become migrantworkers,whether to settle in the city for a long time;Thirdly, whether to be a localcitizens--the urbanization.In the first and second stages, farmers’ legal status has notchanged--still the farmers, so they can’t enjoy the same public service and socialwelfare as a citizens, the research of the first phase has been very mature at home andabroad;And the second and the third phase are not unconditional change, need migrantworkers consider various aspects or give up certain other interests.So, the determinants of every stage is different. The shortcomings of the currentresearch mainly include the following aspects: Firstly, the domestic research is mostlytreat the several stages as a whole to study, or use one phase’s perspective to summarizethe whole process;Secondly, most of domestic research aimed at the floatingpopulation, lack of research just based on the migrant workers; Thirdly, there are tworesistance system, one is in the local government’s household registration system,another is in the migrant workers themselves, the research in the perspective of migrantworkers’s willingness is not enough;Fourth, domestic research used to make the countryas a big unit for analysis research, however, the migrant workers are come fromdifferent provinces, each migrant workers have different resources endowment, so thefactors that affect the migration also have differences.We divided this process of migrant workers from farmers into urban residents into three stages，and analysis the last two stages。After control a series of characteristics ofhuman capital、living conditions、quality of work、characterization of income, livingconditions and quality of work, the condition of social integration, owned by thefarmland quantity, children education condition variables to the empiricalanalysis,Result shows that: Firstly, Income, the quality of life and work have asignificantly positive influence in the process of migrant workers settled down to cityand move their registered permanent residence to city; Secondly, Social integrationstatus have no obvious effects on two phase; Thirdly. The quantity of farmland ownedby family have no significant effect on whether migrant workers to settle down for along time in city, but it significantly affects the rural migrant workers whether tomoving their registered permanent residence;4. Emphasis on their children’s educationproblem has great influence on the peasant workers’ willingness to account migrate tocities. The source of migrant workers is divided into two categories according to theregion the robustness test, we found on the influence factors of whether the migrationaccount:5. Income of migrant workers from the Midwest regional valued, and from theeastern region of migrant workers more weight is given to the quality of work and socialsecurity situation;6. Migrant workers from two types of regions are attaches greatimportance to education of their children’s future, and land on the eastern part ofmigrant workers the influence degree of the larger.According to the above conclusions, we put forward the following Suggestions:Firstly,Give more financial power of local government, take the protection of migrantworkers into the local government assessment indicators； Secondly,Increasinginvestment to the protection of basic labor rights and interests of migrant workers andintroducing social insurance participation； Thirdly,Strengthening migrant workerstraining and Guide enterprises to take on more responsibility；Fourthly,Protect the landrights and interests of farmers，farmland circulation with the principles of voluntarypaid equal consultation；Fifthly,According to the development level of local governmentto conditional access for the migrant children educationThe main innovation of this paper can be summarized as follows:Firstly, we divided the migrantion process into three stages, and give a detailed analysisof the late two stages (whether to live for a long time or move the registered permanentresidence to cities). Traditional research always put three stages as a whole or dividedinto two stages to analyze.Secondly,we classified the migrant workers into two types byregion, put the central and western regions as a class, the eastern region’s as another class, then analyze the different type and the influence factors in the process ofurbanization respectively. Traditional study classified all the migrant workers as thesame class to study.Thirdly,this paper bases on a questionnaire survey, which analyzethe willingness of the two stages urbanization, in a perspective of the microscopic ruralmigrant workers themselves. Traditional research mostly focused on the centralgovernment, local governments, the traditional research`s perspective mostlyconcentrated on the macro aspects, such as the central government,the localgovernment,system design and the social environment.The deficiency of this article is mainly for the sources of questionnaire are mainlyconcentrated in the migrant workers living in the pearl river delta region, the lack ofsuch as Shanghai, Beijing and other migrant workers gathered more cities survey data,resulting in the insufficient research system; In addition, this article mainly embarksfrom the actual micro data to empirically, theoretical slightly insufficient.