| With the rapid development of urbanization process in China, the demand for infrastructure and other public goods or services growing at an increasing speed. But the situation today is that the per capita level of our access to public goods and services is still very low, and the supply lags. Facing such a situation and the growing demand, many officials and scholars believe that if the government supplies public goods or services separately, it will not only increase their debt burden, but also result in lagging the delivery efficiency of urban public goods, because of the financial constraints. Moreover, the multiple identity of government in the aspect of investment, execution and supervision will fail to bring the effective management and result in the absence of supervision, thereby affecting the supply efficiency of public goods. So on the one hand, it is necessary to introduce other subjects to assist the Government in the provision of public goods and services, in order to break the monopoly of government supply, improve the supply efficiency. On the other hand, it is important to attract other social capital to participate in diverse infrastructure to go, so as to reduce the financial burden on the Government. PPP mode just meets this demand, so this new model has been gradually and widely used in the construction of infrastructure and other public goods and service.However, as the process of implementation of PPP model in full swing, we can’t blindly follow the crowd, but need to think calmly. Whether the PPP model can improve the supply efficiency of public goods and services, or reduce the financial burden of the government; Whether the introduction of private actors involved in the supply of public goods is reasonable; Whether it is necessary to go beyond the taxpayer’s needs to attract private capital to increase the supply dynamics and other issues. Above all problems are worthy to think. This paper focuses on the analysis to public economics, attempts to apply the theory of public goods, on the basis of redefining the range of public products, by analyzing its current system and priori reasons to explore the inefficient supply, and using supply mechanism to examine the validity of the PPP model. At last this paper applies the example of the Beijing Metro Line Construction to specify instructions.First, based on redefining the scope of public goods, the paper points out the Innate characteristics of public goods, such as temporal separation of demand and supply and indivisible property, makes the supply approach of public goods not only can’t use market mechanisms to solve, and private individuals are also unwilling to provide. It must depend on the government’s coercive power to perform. However, the implementation of the mandatory government would cause the failure of supervision, resulting in inefficient supply of public goods. The PPP model is designed to attract private individuals to reduce the government’s monopoly, improve the efficiency of the supply of public goods. This leads to two questions: First, whether private individuals can really improve the efficiency of public goods supply. Second, why private individual’s attitudes change from not willing to gladly supply of public goods, whether there is any reasonable incentives. The analysis of system defects of public goods pointed out PPP model is not really valid. We find that the PPP model applied in China is still exists some problems, such as the confusion of public and private goods, invalid principal transactions, the main temporal separation of supply and demand, the Asymmetry of consumers and payers, which not only can not improve the supply efficiency of public goods, but also increase the opportunities for public-private collusion, so as to increase inefficiency of public goods Under the imperfect mechanism in China. Then, we can recognize the fact that other subjects also can supply public goods. But we don’t think that all of public goods can be supplied by individuals and don’t in favor of a joint supply of public goods. The analysis of subject choice according to the benefit range shows that the government is still the main force in the supply of public goods. However other subjects, such as a private in the supply of certain public goods are also effective. Through the introduction of large taxpayers and decision-making mechanism also proved the effectiveness of the private supply of public goods. But it must be noted that this effectiveness should be based on the premise of the voluntary. It shouldn’t rely on the government’s subsidies or other ways like PPP mode. Such joint supply not only does not reduce the financial burden, and it is easy to bring about unreasonable burden shift, blur effective principal transactions, and complex transaction process under the current status of imperfect mechanism in China, resulting in the fuzziness of funds flow, expanding the presence of shady. Besides, this paper also explains the main irrationality incentives of PPP model for private participation in public goods supply. Finally, by the analysis of the effective supply of public goods mechanism and the comparative of Sino-US subway environment, we believe that in order to truly improve the efficiency of the supply of public goods, we need not only to overcome the inefficient supply of public goods caused by human, but also need to introduce the internal coordination mechanisms and bargaining mechanisms, reducing the innate characteristics of public goods and fully expressing the preference of demanders and providers, so as to make clear the relationship between public trading. How many demanders are willing to pay the tax, the number of the appropriate public goods and services should supply. It is unnecessary to use PPP model to attract private capital to continue construct the unnecessarily public goods and improve the quantity and quality of public goods beyond the needs of taxpayers on the basis of today’s existing public goods and services, resulting in neglecting other necessary supplies of public goods. |
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