The Effects Of Policies In Suburbanization Of United States And Theirs Enlightenments

The United States is the one of the earliest county that had realized industrialization and urbanization.In the prospects of developing phase,The level of urbanization in US was located in the early stage before 1880,which overall was less than 30% after 100 years later.It was the times that in the middle level of urbanization in 1880-1960,as well as the stage of rapid development of it that increased from 28.2% to 69.9% and then in 1920 the urban population had exceeded the rural for the first time which meant the urbanization in US had been basically achieved. However,the urban problems like the traffic congestion,higher crime rate and environmental pollution had happened more often as the development of urbanization making the people and enterprises in cities gradually migrated to the suburbs. Furthermore,the city housing shortage after the world war ii and the great recession causing a possibility that to solve these problems through suburbanization.In this context,the federal government formulated a series of policies to guide the migration of people and enterprises to suburbs.In this way,suburbanization as a solution to avoid the cites? problems had been a new stage of urbanization process.In 2011,the urbanization ratio in China had exceeded 50% for the first time which devoted China had been into the urban society.However, many problems has appeared in our country within urbanization because of the large population,imbalance regional development and the huge domain.It is very useful for us comprehending policy demands in suburbanization to analyze the dynamics of policies in suburbanization in US, and expect to be the reference to our country.In this paper,the author research the background and the dynamic mechanism in the suburbanization of United States by collecting and sorting relevant data and analysis the factors that influence the migration of people and companies to suburb in urban economy views then using models to study how does the federal government influence these factors by policies to stimulate the migration to suburbs into a healthy direction. And put forward the countermeasures for the development of suburbnization in China according to our national conditions and guiding the policies in US.The main works and views are as follows:(1)Analyzing of the dynamic mechanism of the suburbanization in United States from a macro-level through the researches of the background of it.The main reasons are the ?push? forces from the cities inside and the ?pull? forces from the cities outside which carries on each other.The ?push? forces mean that as the expose of city?s problems and the shortage of housing supply in the pro-phase of the urbanization making century city cohesion wanes as well as people and companies disperse to urban;The ?pull? forces mean that the industry structure promotes the enterprises moving to urban so that making the migration of people at the same time the spread using of cars provides the possibility for moving of both people and enterprises.Moreover,the wish to live in rural is also the factor of migration as well.(2)Research the factors of the migration of people and companies from the micro-level using three models called housing market model, commuting costs model and enterprises locating model, in which way to make sure that the housing price and the transport speed are the factors of migration or not.Therefore,the polices promotes the migration to suburb by turning down the housing price and up the transport speed though these polices was not made for the suburbanizaiton originally as yet.(3)Systematic analysis of the federal policies for the role of the suburbanization:on one hand,tax and highway polices promote the process of suburbnization solving the shortage of housing supply,on the other hand,that provide a large of employment opportunities for rural people which stimulates the prosper in suburb.And then,the problems in city can been relieved after the disperse of people density.(4)China’s megacities such as Beijing, Shanghai, guangzhou and other places have been suburbanization phenomenon.Put forward the policies of suburbanization in China suiting national situation by the reference to the policies of the suburbanization in US in order to lead the direction of suburbanization in China correctly.