| The Eighteenth report said :we should make efforts to increase urban and rural development, enhance the vitality of urban-rural, and gradually narrow the gap between urban and rural areas to promote urban- rural prosperity. The Eighth session of the Third and the Fifth Plenary Session stressed that institutional mechanisms is to accelerate the integration of urban and rural development. Coordinating urban and rural development is not only a topic for academia to explore, but also a real problem faced by developing countries in general. Coordinate relationship between urban and rural areas is directly related to the speed and quality of social and economic development,urban and rural elements efficiency allocate and the level of social welfare of residents.Accelerating factor mobility between urban and rural areas, breaking the urban-rural dual economic structure, establishing a good relationship between urban and rural areas and promoting the integration of urban and rural development is an important issue of developing general and need to be addressed. Studying and learning from the world’s major countries,their experience and lessons in the refining and rural development model while providing us suggestions for China to promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. India is one of the world’s most populous country, its urban and rural dual structure relationship and the consequent more prominent. Study on the relationship between urban and rural of India and urban and rural development model analysis, academic help rich urban-rural relations theory and related cases for coordinated development of urban and rural areas also have important practical reference value.Based on the literature review, firstly using the regional economics theory to explain the evolution of the relationship between urban and rural elements in the free flow mode background, dynamic mechanism, elements of the resistance mechanisms of the evolution of the relationship between urban-rural in the non-free flowing background, and urban-rural relations and its economic performance and social development of both modes. From the 60 years of industrialization and urbanization in India,using literature data analysis, induction, etc., according to the development strategy change, factor mobility features, and other rural-urban linkages, dividing the evolution of the relationship between urban and rural India into four stages, and analysis compare the basic features of the various stages of urban-rural relations. Thenfor the above four stages, from the five aspects of industrial development strategy selection, land system, the caste system, human capital and infrastructure to analyze the influencing factors and the evolution of resistance mechanisms of urban-rural relationship India. Again using empirical analysis, based on aspects of urbanization,economic, social and other indicators to analyze the relationship between the performance of urban and rural areas. Finally, the evolution of the relationship between urban and rural features, performance and resistance mechanism proposed to coordinate urban and rural development in India countermeasures.Exploration for the integration of urban and rural roads, but also having an important reference on China to promote urban and rural development.The main work and views are as follows:(1) attempts to model the relationship between urban and rural evolution theory and interpret the dynamic mechanism under the background of the free flow of factors,elements of the strategy selection and resistance mechanisms and urban-rural performance in non-free flowing background. Using regional economic theory,especially urbanization, agglomeration economies and factor mobility, etc., referencing the early history of rural development in industrialized countries, summarizing industrialization strategy and urbanization in developing countries, and thus theoretically explained the background under the elements of freedom by agglomeration economies and diseconomics gather leading the evolution of urban and rural relations can be divided into six stages :urban independent development, rural supporting urban development, urban and rural opposition development, urban driving rural development, urban and rural development; agriculture and rural areas to promote power, urban development and attractive radiation force is the driving force of the evolution of the relationship between urban and rural areas; development strategy under the background elements of non-free flowing, urban and rural policy, and other related systems to a certain extent retarded the evolution of urban-rural relations; factors will affect the flowing smoothly,thereby affecting the relationship between urban and rural urbanization, economic development and social performance.(2) The evolution of the relationship between rural and urban India were divided and phase characteristics are summarized from the flow of factors between urban and rural areas, industry linkages and India’s industrialization and urbanization process of the landmark event. Since independence in India,evolution of urban-rural relations canbe divided into four stages: the "land reform" as a symbol of agriculture and rural areas to support urban development in order to "heavy industry" as a symbol of urban development bias, the "green revolution" as a symbol of detente between urban and rural development, with rapid "economic reform" as a symbol of urban economic development alone. Overall, links between urban and rural areas is relatively weak,under powered factor mobility, less industrial linkages, urban-rural disparities.Although the evolution of urban-rural relations are constantly adjusted, but overall it is not conformed and the urbanization is slowing.(3) India’s industrial development strategy selection, land system, the caste system,the stock of human capital and infrastructure are the main factors which affects the relationship between urban and rural areas. India’s priority development of heavy industry, the slow development of the manufacturing sector, the rapid advance of information industry and other strategic choice can promote the rapid urbanization and economic development in the short term. In the long term, it also brings a widening gap between urban and rural areas and the urbanization’s progress is slow, owing to the industrial development of the limited capacity to absorb labor, investment is concentrated in cities and ignore rural agriculture, etc. Those affect the development of urban and rural areas adversely. India has the unequal distribution of land, low agricultural productivity, rural poverty, the weak agriculture and rural areas. To a certain extent, those factors restrict the urbanization process and improvement of urban-rural relations. Furthermore, the Indian caste system, a relatively limited stock of human capital and the inadequate infrastructure hinder the rural labor town- the city will to transfer, opportunities and channels.(4) the harmonious relationship between urban and rural India brought slow process of urbanization, the gradual expansion of the urban-rural gap and social problems; Due to the problems and consequences for the evolution of the relationship between urban and rural areas,proposing inter-urban and unimpeded flow coordinating urban and rural development in India is recommended. Reducing urban bias associated with the implementation of urban and rural development strategies; promoting agricultural development, increasing agricultural productivity; improving manufacturing and other labor-intensive industries accounted for the proportion of industry; strengthening institutional innovation, and gradually eliminate obstacles to the common development of urban and rural areas of institutional factors; accelerating thedevelopment of rural education in the region, playing the advantages of human capital;gradually improving the urban and rural infrastructure, smooth flowing channel elements,facilitating interaction between urban and rural areas to strengthen ties of the urban-rural. |
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