Research On Technical Efficiency Of Wheat Under The Background Of Part-time Farming In Henan Province

Since the 1980 s, with immigration of agricultural labor and development of non-agricultural industries in rural areas, part-time farming has become a universal phenomenon and a common form of agricultural production. Therefore, under the background of ensuring national food security and achieving the objective of building a modern agricultural of “Thirteen Five”, to explore the process of part-time farming behavior of farm household has great theoretical and practical significance.This paper, by using Logit model and Stochastic frontier production function model, makes comparisons between the technical efficiency of different types of part-time farmer, makes further analysis of the main factors affecting farmers’ behavior and the differences in the technical efficiency of different types of part-time farmers and gives relevant recommendations. The main conclusions are summarized as follows:(1) During 2004 to 2011, the part-time farming behavior of farm household in Henan province has been deepened; the proportion of pure farmers(non-agricultural income accounting for household income is less than or equal to 10%) and part-time farmers of “I” type(non-agricultural income accounting for greater than 10%, but less than or equal to 50%) has been decreased continuously; the descending speed of part-time farmers of “I” type is faster than that of pure farmers; the proportion of part-time farmers of “II” type(non-agricultural income accounting for greater than 50%) continues to grow. The proportion of part-time farmers already exceeds pure farmers deeply.(2) During 2004 to 2011, Among 0-2 mu, 2-4 mu, 4-6 mu and greater than 6 mu, pure farmers and part-time farmers of “I” type show a downward trend, part-time farmers of “II” type show an increasing trend. Pure farmers have fallen percent of 8.5, 4.8, 8.6 and 11.8 respectively, part-time farmers of “I” type have fallen percent of 13.5, 9.1, 23.6 and 33.1 respectively, and part-time farmers of “II” type have fallen percent of 22.0, 13.9, 32.1 and 44.9 respectively. In total, the proportion of farmers with 0-4 mu show a growing trend, while with greater than 4 mu show a descending trend. With the deepening of part-time farmers, the scales of arable area of farm household change from moderate or high scales to middle or low scales, the scales of arable area become decentralized.(3) During 2004 to 2011, In pure farmers and part-time farmers of “I” type, the proportion of with 0-2 mu and 2-4 mu of arable area show an increasing trend, and with 4-6 mu and greater than 6 mu show a downward trend; In part-time farmers of “II” type, the proportion of with actual arable area of 0-2 mu and greater than 6 mu show an increasing trend, with 2-4 mu and 4-6 mu show a downward trend. These results suggest that: pure farmers tend to have the agricultural production characteristics of carrying intensive cultivation on a moderate scale of arable area; the proportion of part-time farmers of “I” type differs the greatest in different scales of arable area; the proportion of part-time farmers of “II” type become averaged in different scales of arable area.(4) During 2004 to 2011, different part-time farmers’ technical efficiency change is obvious. In general, average technical efficiency of pure farmers, part-time farmers of “I” type and “II” type is relatively high, while average technical efficiency of different types of farmers differs the greatest. The highest average technical efficiency of part-time farmers of “I” type is 0.9378; the lowest of part-time farmers of “II” type is 0.9267; and average technical efficiency of pure farmers is 0.9349.