The Research On Industrial Restructuring And Transfer Of Rural Labor During The Rapid Developing Period

The transfer of rural labor is a universal phenomenon during the high speed growth period of an economy. To speed up this transfer is the fundamental way to solve the problem of "Agriculture, Rural Areas and Farmers" and finally realize agricultural modernization. On the other hand, it is the key to accelerate industrialization process, and eliminate the "Dual Department Structure" of an economy. China’s labor force is overall sufficient or even superabundant. And there are a large number of the labors stranded in the agricultural sector in the transition period. A severe pressure has been put on the adjustment of employment structure. Meanwhile, due to resource constraints and the international economic environment changes the industrial structure is also facing upgrade pressures. Upgrading of industrial structure is bound to affect the employment of workers and employment structure upgrade. How to promote industrial structure and employment structure optimized as well as a smooth transfer of the rural labor force is a practical problem for China. Japan and South Korea also had experienced the problem in each of the rapid development period. Japan and South Korea’s leading role of government in economic development is similar with China based on the same geo-cultural. It is different with the development of free capital of the Western developed countries. Therefore, the comparative analysis of Japan, South Korea and China’s industrial structure effect of the transfer of labor is meaningful to correctly understand and solve China’s problem of rural labor migration.Based on the relevant theories of industrial structure and the transfer theories of rural labor, this paper compared the relationships between the upgrading of industrial structure and the transfer of labor force of China, South Korea and Japan. The purpose is to come to the scheme of industrial structure adjustment, which fit the transfer of rural labors, by drawing lessons from the experiences of Japan and South Korea and the reality of the economic development of China. This paper is divided into six parts. The first chapter mainly summarized the research progress of the transfer theory of labors and the theory of industrial structure; Chapter two analyzed the relationship between the rationalization of industrial structure and the transfer of labor; The third chapter compared the similarities and differences of the industrial structure, employment structure, and structure deviation index, the transfer of labors among industries and the transfer of labors between urban and rural areas in three different countries. Chapter Ⅳ gives the empirical analysis of the direct and indirect industrial structure effect of labor migration. Chapter five explained the three countries’ difference of the interaction of labor migration and the industrial structure. We finally came to the following conclusions in Chapter 6:compared with Japan and Korea, China’s tensile strength of labor migration of non-agricultural industries is much weaker, performed for weaker labor absorption capacity in non-agricultural industries. South Korea is the only one of the three countries that gets the scale benefit in agriculture, which means the scale operation of land does positive effect on labor migration. Compared with Japan and South Korea, China’s output elasticity of capital is lower. Early capital deepening and less attention to the development of labor-intensive manufacturing lead to the slower labor migration than the other two countries. There is a relative lag of urbanization in china, compared with Japan and South Korea. This lag generates the shortage of the development of service industry and finally comes to the asynchronous of labor migration between urban and rural areas and among industries.