Research On The Nurture And Development Of Social Enterprises

Driven by the new public management campaign and the welfare state reform,Social Enterprises, Social Entrepreneur, Social Entrepreneurship, and Social Innovation emerge all over the world since the 1990s, turning into significant approaches and parties to break though the failure of three public sectors, respond to social needs, and provide social benefits. After twenty year, Social Enterprises in western counties, e.g. US, UK, etc., have accumulated rich experience, developed comprehensive law and regulation system, obtained numerous research achievements and established systematic supporting network. As the conception and ideas introduced into China, a number of Social Enterprises rises in philanthropy, playing a positive and unique role in social welfare.In such context, this article analyzes the following topics through literature analysis, case studies and comparative analysis:Social Enterprise, which developed in Western institutional environment, is a special type of organization to provide social benefits; how should we nurture and develop China’s social enterprise in our different domestic situations. This paper firstly analyzes the nature of social enterprise; concludes that Social Enterprise has triple property about commonweal, commerciality and a combination; suggests that the basic attributes, functional role, values and welfare of Social Enterprise agree with those of Social Investment States; and then infers that the nature and function of Social Enterprise is non-profit oriented provision of social welfare. Subsequently, this paper discusses the status quo of China’s Social Enterprise; concludes that there are two types of Social Enterprise-"quasi-Social Enterprise" and "New Social Enterprise" in China; analyzes factors that accelerate or hinder the early stage development of China’s Social Enterprise. Taking Amity Bakery as a case of China’s Social Enterprise, this paper reviews the development history of Amity Bakery, presentation of its non-profit nature, implementation mechanism, supervision and evaluation mechanism, motivation and support, as well as obstacles, then concludes that:Amity Bakery is strongly non-profit oriented; has a huge support from the Amity Foundation, a limited government support and social support; however, it still faces the challenges of insufficient capacity for sustainable development, excessive dependence on Amity Foundation, the internalization’ and’Simplistic" of regulatory assessments, and insufficient support from government and policies, etc.Through further study and comparison of foster experience in Europe and in the US, this paper finds that the European "top-down" path and the American "bottom-up" path have their different historical background and legal environment; moreover, each has its advantages and disadvantages. On this basis, this paper, consistent with the nurture and development path of China’s Social Enterprise, includes the following four aspects:First of all, the redefinition of Social Enterprise’s nature and function; second, take the Commonweal of Social Enterprise as main goal to develop the management mechanism; third, take the effect of "government+social" dual role in promoting the progress, and improve the operational mechanism; fourth, build a pluralistic regulatory system and innovative regulatory mechanisms.