Study On The Fiscal And Taxation Policies For The Development Of Shale Gas Industry In China

Since the industrial revolution,human society is mainly dependent on fossil energy,including coal,oil and natural gas chiefly.In recent years,the growth rate of global primary energy consumption has slowed down and the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption has continued to rise.But as a whole the consumption of fossil energy still occupy a great part of total energy consumption.Coal, oil and natural gas have strong substitutability among them, and natural gas is much more clean and environmental-friendly than coal and oil in the same conditions. As the consumption structure of global fossil energy in 2015 shown, the proportions of coal and oil fall while the proportion of natural gas rises. Taking the increasingly serious environmental problems into account, all countries in the world have to increase the proportion of natural gas in primary energy consumption structure, our country is also the case. The real situation is that the production of conventional natural gas has been unable to fully meet the needs of the consumer market since 2009 in our country, but the successful experience of shale gas revolution in the United States guides a new path for the development of natural gas in our country. As a kind of unconventional natural gas, the geological reserves of shale gas in our country are very rich.Also,the “13th Five-Year” plan points out that the government should make efforts to facilitate the process of exploration and development and provide strong support for the large-scale development of shale gas. In view of these, this paper firstly elaborates the development status of shale gas industry in our country,secondly discusses the strategic direction of the development of shale gas industry and points out that we should adhere to the positive attitude of making full use of the internal advantages and grasping the external opportunities for the development of shale gas industry,thirdly analyzes current fiscal and tax policies and the actual problems in shale gas industry,meanwhile points out the advantages of using the fiscal and taxation policies to push the development of shale gas industry and applying causal loop diagram of system dynamics to study the influence mechanism of the fiscal and taxation policies on the development of shale gas industry, fourthly drawing lessons from successful development experiences of overseas shale gas industry and domestic CBM industry,and then puts forward to the specific recommendations on fiscal and tax policies from fiscal spending,tax incentives and environment protection three aspects for the development of shale gas industry in our country and consummating the relevant system of fiscal and tax policies.At the part of theory,this paper assumes that the life cycle of shale gas industry mainly contains three stages in our country,that is initial stage,mature stage and decline stage.Also, we should take the structural tax reduction as an opportunity,the theory of technological as the foundation and the sustainable development as the direction.So we should improve fiscal expenditure policies,make the preferential tax system perfect and levy environmental tax according the externality generated by the development of shale gas industry in our country.