The Operational Mode Optimization Of Flatfish Farming Industry: A Perspective Of Industry Chain

With the rapid development of aquaculture industry of China, its position is rapidly increasing not only in the Chinese fisheries but also in the world. In China, Flatfish developed rapidly in the fourth development of marine aquaculture. As the front of the industrial chain, fingerling industry is the fundamental core industry, determines the height and thickness of the industry. In 2013, the yield of flounder fingerlings reached 335 million, compared with the previous year it increased by 22.66%, only less than the Larimichthys crocea in marine fish. With the promotion of factory farming, the industrial research and development levels of flatfish are higher than the general average of fish fingerling industry. Therefore, the study of the fingerling industry of flatfish will be a good reference for the development of aquatic fingerling industry.However, during the research, it is found that the production of flatfish fingerling is more; the problem is more, such as fingerling degeneration, weak consciousness of the better fingerling, lack of technology. Those problems restrict the development of production of flatfish. So, it is necessary to analyze the flatfish fingerling from the perspective of industry chain.This article studies the current operation models of flatfish fingerling and the optimization of them from the perspective of industry chain, in order to improve the benefit. The theories of specialization, transaction cost, intermediate organization, industry chain guide this paper. According to the research data of industrial technology system of the ministry of agriculture in 2014-2015, this paper shows the current situation and finds out problems in the operation model and optimizes it.The main conclusions of this paper were as follows:Firstly, the gradual development of this industry, thanks to its special era demand, supply technical innovation as well as policy, is becoming more and more stable characterized by a relatively increasing production. From the perspective of distribution, it is found that main location is coastal cities, such as Shandong, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, and Fujian. The largest percentage is Shandong and accounts for 67%, and the second one who accounts for 21% is Tianjin. From the view of output, the totally output steadily grow from 2003 to 2013, and the max is 327.85 million. Turbot is the best-selling of 199.24 million, the flounder the second one of 37.84 million, and the third one is cynoglossus semilaevis of 18.47 million. Also, production volume performance varies from different region and season. The price of flatfish fingerling decreases gradually, and increases only occasionally. In 2013, the flatfish fingering price was down year-on-year basis. Turbot dropped off 48.6%, flounder dropped off 36.8%, and cynoglossus semilaevis dropped off 34.0%. Whereas, the best stability of price is cynoglossus semilaevis, the second one is turbot, and the third one is flounder.Secondly, there are two kinds of operation models of flatfish fingerling in China:(1) parents resourcesâ†' spawn â†' fingerling and adult fish breeding together(internal trade operation model);(2) parents resources â†' spawn â†' fingerling breeding â†' adult fish culturing(Transactions between enterprises operation model). Intermediate organization in the case of coexistence, the introduction, put forward the hypothesis of rational man, and only the risks and yields will affect the investor’s investment ratio, through the price mechanism or authority to coordinate organization market transactions, to set up the model, theoretical analysis shows that: In the current situation, if the risk rate to yield of yields greater departments less than the yields smaller departments, the influence of risk factors should be considered more, try to avoid risk, less consider return on invested capital, then it will get more return;if the risk rate to yield of yields greater departments more than the yields smaller departments, should consider the factor of return on invested capital, try to improve the return on invested capital, and decrease risk. And then it will get more return.Thirdly, the empirical research showed that, internal trade operation model is benefits to cost allocation. At the same time, variable cost is lower, so that the total cost is lower. Flexibility capital and specific asset are both the advantage to this model. Under the current technical level, the unit net income of high degree of specialization of enterprises is higher than relative to the low degree of specialization of enterprises, at the same time, the return on capital are higher, namely on capital utilization ratio is higher, companies are more value. From the view of market, under the current situation, due to the high return on capital and increase, the degree of specialization of production pattern will be a trend; In view of the high specialization enterprise, random combination of "fingerling breeding only" and "adult fish culture only" enterprises, the same cost, under the condition of intermediate organizations involved in investment, 31.43% of farmers invest more to consider to avoid risk factors, 68.57% of farmers more consider high returns on capital investment, yield can be improved, and through Kruskal-Wallis rank and inspection, the optimized cultivation mode of return on capital and the current market there are three modes of capital returns have significant difference, compared with the optimized mode of production is greater on capital.According to the research contents of this article, the author thought that the government could establish cooperative organization market for trading activities by intermediate organization, in order to get the maximization of value. During the process, it is need to fully consider the particularity of fingerling industry chain, parents’ strict quality control, and effective supervision of trading process. To prevent the risk of moral hazard and asymmetric information of transaction costs increase. Appropriate propaganda of the advantages of transformation of fingerling industry and mental stability of aquarist is necessary.