Investigation Into The Biological Activities And Chemical Constituents Of Jinchang Jujuba In South Xinjiang

Jujuba(Zizyphus jujuba)is the fruit of the plant of genus Ziziphus,Rhamnaceae family.It's a favored fruit,which has a high level of edible and medicinal value.In this paper,the fruits of Chinese jujube(Jinchang zao)collected from the Alaer City in Xinjiang,were used as test material for studying the extraction technology of polysaccharide and flavone with response surface methodology to explore the optimum conditions with the ultrasonic extraction method from jujuba waste.The content of polysaccharide,polyphenol,flavonoid,triterpene and saponin,and antioxidant activity in different parts and cultivars of jujuba.In addition,the isolation and identification,antibacterial activity of chemical constituents were also studied.The major findings were as follows:1.The optimum extraction condition of the ultrasonic extraction technology of flavone were as follows:(1)Solid-liquid ratio was 1:23,ultrasonic time was 41 min,temperature was 57?,ultrasonic power was 280 W,ethanol concentration was 45.5%.Under these conditions,the flavone yield had reached7.53 mg/g.And the effect order was ethanol concentration> solid-liquid ratio> ultrasonic time>temperature> ultrasonic power.(2)The optimum extraction condition on the ultrasonic extraction technology of polysaccharide were esolid-liquid ratio 1:24,ultrasonic time 29 min,temperature 65 ?,ultrasonic power 220 W.Under these conditions,the polysaccharide yield had reached 3.78 mg/g.And the effect order was solid-liquid ratio> ultrasonic time> ultrasonic power> temperature.2.Phytochemicals such as polysaccharide,flavonoid,total phenolics,triterpene and saponin,were first studied from ten kinds of crude extractions including ethanol extracts(A),1:7 extracts(B),1:9 extracts(C),1:7 polysaccharide(D),1:9 polysaccharide(E),n-Butanol extract(F),ethyl acetate extract(G),chloroform extract(H),petroleum ether extract(I)and water extract(J)in different tissues of Chinese jujube(jinchangzao).The result shows that thirty kinds of crude extractions polysaccharide 616.69-59.78mg/g and the seeds of n-Butanol extract has the highest.There is significant difference on residues,pulps and seeds of B,D,E,G,H,J extracts.Total phenolics 601.99-23.23 mg/g and the seeds of chloroform extract has the highest.There is significant difference on residues,pulps and seeds of B,D,E,F,H,Jextracts.Flavonoid 90.71-2.40 mg/g and the residues of ethyl acetate extract has the highest.There is significant difference on all cultivars extracts.Triterpene 46.24-5.71 mg/g and the pulps of petroleum ether extract has the highest.There is significant difference in addition to E extracts out side.Saponin 56.60-7.00mg/g and the pulps of water extract has the highest.There is significant difference in addition to G extracts out side.There has flavonoid,total phenolics and triterpene of most the residues and seeds crude extractions also significantly higher than pulps.3.Pulps of ethyl acetate extract had the strongest reducing power.Pulps of ethyl acetate extract had the strongest DPPH scavenging ability with IC50 of 0.017 mg/mL.Residues of chloroform extract had the strongest ABTS scavenging ability with IC50 of 0.048 mg/mL.Seeds of chloroform extract had the strongest hydroxyl radical scavenging ability with IC50 of 0.629 mg/mL.Seeds of ethyl acetate extract had the strongest chelating ability with IC50 of 0.145 mg/mL.Pulps of chloroform extract had the strongest oxygen root anion scavenging ability with IC50 of 0.304 mg/mL.The concentration of total polyphenols presented a positive correlation with the DPPH,ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity.The concentration of total polyphenols presented a negative correlation with the chelating ability.The concentration of triterpene presented a positive correlation with the hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity.The concentration of flavonoid presented a positive correlation with the DPPH radical scavenging capacity.Ethyl acetate extract and chloroform extract from the Chinese jujuba of jinchang zao have potent antioxidant activity.4.Based on a variety of chromatographic techniques such as macroporous resin,silica gel chromatgraphy,HPLC and Sephadex LH-20,six compounds have been isolated from an 70% ethanol extract of the pulps of jujuba by using various spectrometric approaches,including UV,1H-NMR,13C-NMR and so on.Their structures were identified as 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid monohydrate(1),Quercetin-3-O-?-D-rutinoside(2),Quercetin(3),Ursolic Acid(4),Oleanolic acid(5),kaempferol-3-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1?6)-?-D-glucopyranoside(6).These compounds included one aromatic acid,two triterpene and three flavonoid glycosides.5.Three compounds were tested for their minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)values of inhibiting Escherichia coli,Salmonella Lignieres,Shigella castellani,Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Phytophthora capsici,Verticillium dahliae,Cotton Fusarium Wilt,Fusarium oxysporum,Fungi Imperficti,Pythium dissotocum,Aspergillus flavus,Curvularia lunata and Alternaria alternata.Compound 1 of jujube pulps had antibacterial activity to the gram negative bacteria and a few the gram positive microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis.Compound 2 of jujube pulps had antibacterial activity to Pythium dissotocum.Compound 3 of jujube pulps had antibacterial activity to Salmonella Lignieres and Cotton Fusarium Wilt.