| With the rapid development of aviation industry,bird strike accidents occur frequently that it has become an important risk factor to affect aviation safety.The significant characteristic of birdstrike is that it mainly happened in the nighttime during the spring and autumn season.Investigating the relationship between bird nocturnal migration and birdstrike rhythm is the important foundation for the airport birdstrike prevention work.Furthermore,it has important guiding significance for improving the level of birdstrike prevention measures to study the species composition,migration order,migration dynamic,daily activity rhythm of nocturnal migratory birds.The species and number of nocturnal migrating birds in the Taoxian airport were investigated using bird mist net in the spring(March to June)and autumn(September to November)2015.The captured birds were recorded during the time(6:00-18:00);the first half of the night(18:00-24:00);the second half of the night(24:00-6:00).Nocturnal flight calls was recorded to monitor the migration time of nocturnal migratory birds and their migration dynamics.In order to get a comprehensive information of birds in Taoxian airport,we also used transect line to survey the birds that likely lost by the mist net.Combining the above three methods,based on the analysis of the composition of nocturnal migrating birds,migration time,migration order,dangerous level,the birdstrike data from Taoxian airport and the surrounding ecological environment,we proposed some reasonable measures on prevention work.The study results are as follows:In total,337 migrating birds,belonging to 49 species,24 families and 13 orders,and 332 migrating birds,belonging to 46 species,19 families and 11 orders,were captured in spring and autumn,respectively.Most of the birds migrated at night,and mainly migrated in the second half of the night during migration season.Spring migration began in mid-April and reached the peak in mid-May,ended in late May.Autumn migration was from early September to late October and reached the peak in mid-October.Basing the risk index assessment,the most dangerous nocturnal migrating species were Japanese Quail(Coturnix japonica)and Brown Shrike(Lanius cristatus)in the spring night and Japanese Quail,Little Owl(Athene noctua),Grey-backed Thrush(Turdus hortulorum),Eurasian Woodcock(Scolopax rusticola)in the autumn night at Taoxian airport.According to the flight calls of migrating birds at night,the number of species was obviously higher in late April and early May in spring migration.The number of bird species between mid-September and mid-October was higher than other time in autumn.The dominant species were the songbirds and Japanese Quail in spring.At the same time,a small number of Anatidae and shorebirds were recorded.The number of specie in autumn is less than it in spring and most of species were songbird.In addition,the nocturnal birds produced flight calls with obviously rhythm.It appeared two peaks in spring,19:00-21:00 and 3:00-6:00,respectively.While the peak of flight calls in the autumn was mainly between 3:00-6:00.Meanwhile,we also investigated the migration time of Japanese Quail and Anatidae at night.Japanese Quail migrated after sunset and stoped at 23:00-3:00,and then began to migrate again at 3:00-6:00.The Anatidae migrated after midnight,and reached the peak in 4:00.The results from line transect showed that the spring avian species is higher than that in autumn,but the number of birds in spring is much lower than that in autumn.The passerine birds constitute the main part of the bird community in both spring and autumn,among which the Eurasian Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus)and Barn Swallow(Hirundo rustica)had the highest number.From the point of residence type,the species of resident birds was lower than migratory birds,but the number of migratory birds was much higher than resident birds.The summer visitors constituted the main part of migratory birds.In addition,there was no serious risk species in spring.The high risk species were ring necked pheasant(Phasianus colchicus),magpie,mallard ducks and tree sparrow.There were four serious risk species in autumn,namely mouth crow(Corvus corone),pigeon(Columba livia),magpie(Pica Pica)and barn swallows.The bird strikes commonly happened in spring and autumn(70.4%),and then the followed season is summer(24.1%),the least season is winter(5.6%).From the daily time,bird strikes commonly happened in the first half of the night,in which the willow warbler had the highest number.Second,the barn swallow had the hignest frequency of birdstrikes in the daytime.The number of birdstrikes at the second half of the night was least,in which the passerine birds constituted the main part of the birdstrike species.As a whole,we proposed some particular strategies and suggestion on working on prevention of birdstrike respectively from bird migration rule,the composition of nocturnal migrating birds,migration time,migration dynamic and ecologicalenvironment in and out of Taoxian airport. |
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