The Characteristics And Influence Of Meteorological Disasters In Jiangsu During The Ming And Qing Dynasties

Jiangsu Province is a richer and more fertile province in China, located in East China,through which the Yangtze River and Huihe River flow,and it has big lakes,many water systems and thriving economy. Because of these advantages, it gives birth to a splendid regional culture. However, from the Ming Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, due to the environmental and climatic changes, natural disasters increased in frequency. In addition, the affected area had been increasing. Therefore the small-scale agricultural production,self-sufficient agricultural economic structure and underdeveloped transportation had been unable to resist the invasion of natural disasters. In the late Ming to the Qing Dynasties during over 500 years, the main types of disasters in Jiangsu included floods, waterlogging, droughts, locusts,hailstorms and others. Because of the vast area of Jiangsu, the climatic conditions,the social environment and the geographical conditions of different places made the hazard types and the frequency of disasters different in each area. Therefore, the occurrence and impact of meteorological disasters in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are urgent. At present, the academic research on the meteorological disaster in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is weak,and the characteristics of the meteorological disasters in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are systematically studied from the following aspects:Firstly, the natural and cultural characteristics of Jiangsu region will be understood. Since the occurrence of meteorological disasters is closely related to the local natural and human geography, in the first chapter this paper introduces the geographical profile of Jiangsu from both natural and human aspects, and lets you grasp the characteristics of hydrology, topography, climate and vegetation in Jiangsu Province. It is ready for the following chapters to analyse of the temporal and spatial distribution of meteorological disasters in Jiangsu and Jiangsu.Secondly, the characteristics of nine meteorological disasters (floods, floods,droughts, locusts, snowstorms, frosts, hailstorms, winds and epidemics) were analyzed from the aspects of temporal distribution and spatial distribution.The second chapter starts from the time distribution characteristics, and the number of affected counties during the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Jiangsu Province,are computed,.By means of the annual trend of the maps (in ten years),and the charts this paper intuitively carry out the dynamic analysis of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Jiangsu Province, The seasonal variation and the distribution of the meteorological disasters in Jiangsu during the Ming and Qing Dynasties were analyzed, and the seasonal and monthly changes were analyzed. The seasonal changes of the meteorological disasters in the corresponding years were analyzed and their annual changes were analyzed.The third chapter starts from the spatial distribution of meteorological disasters,draws the spatial distribution maps of meteorological disasters in Jiangsu Province in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and analyzes its spatial distribution characteristics to study the distribution of meteorological disasters during the Ming and Qing dynasties in Jiangsu.Thirdly, the fourth chapter analyzes the characteristics and causes of meteorological disasters in Jiangsu Province in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Due to the vast territory of Jiangsu, the climatic conditions, social environment,geographical differences between the various areas,the types of disasters in each region are different in frequency. In general, Jiangsu Province in the Ming and Qing Dynasties has many kinds of disasters, which are frequent, wide and destructive.Fourthly, the fifth chapter discusses the influence of the meteorological disasters in the Ming and Qing dynasties on the society at that time. The occurrence of the disasters had a great impact on the social production at the time. For example,the occurrence of floods and droughts first led to a sharp drop in grain production.The people could not solve the problems of food and clothing, causing a large number of deaths or migrants. Second, the occurrence of disasters threatened the stability of the whole society, and destroyed the agricultural production chain,resulting in the transfer of land property rights, the sharp fluctuations in food prices,so that people displaced, thieves were rampant, and social contradictions continued to become acute. Therefore, the most occurrence of natural disasters would affect the society economically, politically and culturally, in varying degrees.In general, this paper studies the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and meteorological disasters in Jiangsu Province in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the disaster situation in the Jiangsu area during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It also helps people to comprehensively learn the current situations of natural disasters in Jiangsu, and provides the Jiangsu government with useful data that this paper studies for disaster prevention and control.