| The basin is the most valuable ecological resources for human survival. It provides good water, species-rich, and plays an important role in water conservation, biodiversity conservation and human economic development support. In recent years, the economy is rapid development, with the human resource utilization of watershed and environmental damage intensity increasing, the ecological value is lossing, environmental protection and economic development is balance failure, which will affect the sustainable development and hinder the construction of ecological civilization. The research of regional space management and cost burden in the practical of environmental management and the establishment of reasonable scientific management methods of basin resources protection has become an important content of basin resource management. Based on this, quantitative assessment is crucial in spatial perspective on the ecological environment for human to provide goods or services economic value.The contingent valuation method is based on the form of the questionnaire, according to the public willingness to pay or willingness to accept on the environmental protection to assess the non-use value of environmental goods. It is found in practical application of CVM, the public willingness to pay for environmental protection exists spatial difference. In order to research the problem, we consider the distribution of environmental goods in space. Under the spatial perspective, we can categorized them into three different types of spatial distribution of "Points", "Lines" and " Surfaces ". According to the evaluation objects of "Lines", we apply enhanced objective cluster analysis for regional division of different distance between the respondents and evaluation objects, which puts forward a quantitative objective evidence of scale division. In spatial scales, we discuss the spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity of WTP by constructing the spatial lag model of WTP and the spatial structural effect model of WTP from two aspects of observations and disturbances of WTP. We combine with Moran’s I index and spatial segment effect to discuss the relationship of spatial interaction of WTP and introduce a spatial structure vector to analysis spatial distribution characteristics of WTP under different scales and it remedies the deficiency of traditional CVM model in spatial effect analyzing. For the data of double-bounded dichotomous choice CVM was interval data, we proposed a method of parameters estimation of the two spatial model of WTP by using the probability utility function. We initially establish the evaluation method in CVM of non-use value of environmental goods under spatial perspectives.We take Songhua River as an example for empirical analysis, and the result indicates:(1)The spatial model of WTP is effective and feasible to deal with the data of dichotomous choice CVM in spatial scales and compare to the traditional CVM calculation model, it is more able to capture and observe the relationship of interaction of spatial variables on WTP.(2)We verify the existence of spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity of WTP in different spatial scales. The closer area from Songhua River shows obvious spatial aggregation effect. The aggregation effect is mainly affected by cognitive variable and with the increasing of distance, the aggregation effect will weaken and then WTP is mainly affected by social economic attribute variables.(3)We get the average WTP values in three regions are respectively 235.03 RMB, 164.22 RMB, 104.54 RMB per year and the non-use value of Songhua River is 81.51 billion RMB per year.This research provides a new approach to evaluate non-use value of basin resource and it improves the scientificity and validity of the results with the contingent valuation method. The result makes it possible to balance resource development and protection and provides a reference basis for the formulation of the cost burden and management mode about environmental policy making. |
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