Preparation And Characterization Of NQ-based Energetic Composite Materials

Nitroguanidine(NQ), a kind of needle-like crystal, exists inferior mechanical properties when using in explosive directly. In order to optimize the particle size and morphology of nitroguanidine, in this paper, NQ-based energetic composite materials are prepared by solvent/non-solvent method and electrospray crystallization method based on the energetic nano-material research ideas. The thermal properties of NQ-based composite materials were also discussed. The main research contents are as follows:(1) submicron-RDX, submicron-NQ, RDX/NQ composite and NC/NQ composite were prepared by electrospray crystallization method. Their morphologies, structures and thermal properties were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC). The affect factors of crystal size and morphology such as solution concentration, flow rate, potential difference and the working distance etc. were investigated, also the experimental condition was optimized. The results show that the submicron-RDX and submicron-NQ crystalline are spherical, and the submicron-NQ with average particle size of 318.8nm. The endothermic melting peak temperature and thermal decomposition peak temperature of submicron-RDX is lower than that of raw RDX. The submicron-NQ has excellent thermal stability. Those ingredients of RDX/NQ composite and NC/NQ composite are uniformly combined together respectively, the endothermic melting peak temperature and thermal decomposition peak temperature of those composites are lower than that of raw materials, while the apparent heat of decomposition of the those composites are much higher and centralized than that of raw materials.(2) EP/NQ composite and EP/RDX/NQ composite were prepared by solvent/non-solvent method. The morphology, structure and thermal properties were characterized by XRD, SEM and TG-DSC. The results show that the crystal particles uniformly deposite on three-dimensional nano-network structure of EP in the EP/NQ composite and EP/RDX/NQ composite, which have three-dimensional nano-network structure. The average particle size of NQ in EP/NQ composites range from 49 nm to 62 nm, and the average particle size of EP/RDX/NQ composite is 83 nm. Meanwhile, the needle-like form of NQ is eliminated in those composites. The endothermic melting peak temperature and thermal decomposition peak temperature of those composites are lower than that of raw materials, while the apparent heat of decomposition of those composites are higher and more centralized than that of raw materials.