The Studies On Extraction And Nature About Gansu Peach Kernel Oil

This study used Gansu peach kernel as experimental material, and studied the extraction and separation and optimized the extraction process about Gansu peach kernel oil in this research. In addition, I used GC-MS to analysis the composition, and detected the acid value, carbonyl value, POV and iodine value, and determined the ability of removing superoxide radical, hydroxyl radicals and nitroso radical. Finally,The results were as follows:1. Three extraction methods include Soxhlet extraction, microwave extraction and enzyme extraction was used in this study, and got the result that extraction rate of enzyme extraction highest, up to 51.35%, Soxhlet extraction rate was 48.77%, extraction rate of microwave extraction lowest was 47.72%, and there was so little difference among these three methods. The oil of microwave extraction and enzyme extraction was bright yellow, it was very pure and translucent, and has a good quality. The oil of Soxhlet extraction was dark yellow, and of the medium quality. The method of microwave extraction has the shortest time, and it was the most convenient way.2. This test used extraction rate of Gansu peach kernel oil as index, and optimized extraction process. By the method of the single factor experiment and response surface experiment combined I got the conditions of Soxhlet that:extraction temperature was 81℃,time was 5.4h,liquid ratio was 1∶9; By the method of the single factor experiment and L9(34)orthogonal test analysis combined I got the conditions of microwave-assisted organic solvent extraction that:Liquid ratio was 1∶3,microwave frequency was 420 W, number of times was 4, each radiation time was 40s; by the method of the single factor experiment and L16(45)orthogonal test analysis combined I got the conditions of enzymatic extraction that: Temperature was 55℃, liquid ratio was 1∶4, enzyme concentration was 1.5%, hydrolysis pH was 8, the time of hydrolysis was 3h.3. By the GC-MS to analysis the active ingredients about the oil of different methods extracted and get the result that it contain a variety of ingredients, such as oleic acid, squalene and α- tocopherol. Research shows that these have a good health care function.4. There was no rancidity about the oil of three methods to extract by detecting acid value, carbonyl value and POV, and this physical and chemical indicatoris are qualified. There is a high degree of unsaturation about the oil of three methods to extract by detecting iodine value. The content of unsaturated fatty acids higher than palm kernel oil, beef tallow and hardened fish oil, and less than hydrogenated soybean oil and sunflower oil.5. By the free radical scavenging experiment, inferred that they can remove superoxide radical, hydroxyl and nitroso radical to some extent, and there was no significant difference among the oil.