Study On Ecological Risk Assessment Of Oil Pollution In Estuary And Coastal Area

With the rapid development of China's coastal economic belt and the rapid development of marine exploitation and utilization,the increasing demand for energy has brought about the rapid growth period of offshore oil transportation and petroleum exploitation,and the frequent occurrence of marine oil spill events at the same time,especially the risk of major oil spill pollution incidents will also be significantly increased.These have aroused the concern and attention of domestic and foreign marine scholars.In view of the risk of estuarine and coastal ecological degradation caused by oil spill pollution in local sea area is becoming more and more serious,the risk assessment of oil pollution is of great significance to the establishment of oil spill response,compensation and assessment of ecological resources in the marine management department,.At present,the research on ecological risk assessment of oil pollution is not sufficient.Based on the existing theory of risk assessment and the natural ecological properties of Shuangtaizi estuary in Panjin,this paper uses ArcGIS software as the platform and AHP method to establish a new ecological assessment system for oil pollution,divide risk level,and carry out the ecological risk assessment of oil pollution in the estuary and coastal waters.The main contents are as follows:(1)From the perspective of the surface of the oil spill risk assessment,according to the recent geological and oceanographic data of the estuary and coastal waters,the paper explores the factors of the disaster-causing factors and hazard-bearing body;and systematically analyzes the main oil spill risk process and main factors,and determine the evaluation index factor.(2)Based on the existing theory of natural disaster risk assessment,this paper constructs the index system of ecological risk assessment of oil pollution in estuarine and coastal waters,calculates the disaster-causing factors by AHP and expert scoring method,and establishes the relevant risk classification criteria.The vulnerability assessment of hazard-bearing body and the risk assessment of disaster-causing factors are carried out respectively.(3)Using the spatial vector superposition function of ArcGIS software,according to the disaster model,the level of disaster-causing factors hazard and vulnerability of hazard-bearing body are superimposed,finally the ecological risk assessment of the oil pollution in the estuary and coastal is carried out.Research results show that the area is at a relatively high risk,therefore,the relevant departments should strengthen the protection of environmental sensitive area,and improve marine environmental risk early warning and emergency response mechanism as soon as possible,and improve the environmental monitoring system,to manage and monitor the implementation of the possible causes of the oil spill accident risk source of effectively.In summary,the ecological sensitive area of Panjin important estuarine wetland could be provided technical support of rational allocation of oil spill emergency resources and the implementation of risk decision-making according to the occurrence of disaster levels,and theoretical basis of the change from crisis management to preventive risk management.