The Optimization Of The Oil Spill Collection Device And Dispersants For Shallow Water Bodies

The most appropriate oil collecting device and oil dispersant were selected for the oil spill accidents in the river environment system. A quick response system has been established. The system was efficient for the high wax and high viscous oil spill that happened in the wide, shallow and low temperature river in the Changing oil field. Then the goal was realized that the oil field was ecology friendly and the environment risk was reduced.The domestic and overseas researches on the harm of the oil spills to the environment in recent years have been reviewed. The characteristics of the water environment in Changqing oil field and the properties of the crude oil were analysed. The domestic and overseas researches on the technologies dealing with the oil spills of the water in recent years have been reviewed and discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of the technologies were analysed. The basic research information and data were collected to study the methods of controlling the the oil spills of the water in Changqing oil fieldThe migration and the transformation of the petroleum pollutants in the river were analyzed by the numerical modeling. It was found that the migration and the transformation of the petroleum pollutants in the river were determined by the intensity of pollution sources and the flow rate of the river. The pollution range increased with the flow velocity increasing of rain season. Moreover, Domestic and overseas various types of the crude oil adsorbent materials, the skiming equipments and various types of oil spill dispersant were investigated and compared. Through considering the characteristics of the river in Changqing oil field and the properties of the crude oil, comparing the different performance of crude oil collection equipment and the adsorption material, the oil absorption line and aspirating suite, cable receiving machine and disc receiving were chosen for oil collection of shallow water in Yu Changqing oil field. Through the experiments, FALCHEM and MM-88A(a biological oil dispersant) were selected as the biological oil spill dispersants and can be used as a reserves of chemical processing to treat the crude oil in changqing oil field.The basic theories were founded for controlling the crude oil spills in Changqing oil field through the research on the oil collecting device, oil absorption and oil spill dispersants. This research made a great significant to protecting the water environment in Changqing oil field and to the local sustainable development, which followed the state environmental protection strategy.