Studies On The Detection Technology And Risk Assessment Of Main Mycotoxins In Apple And Its Products

In this study,205 samples of apple samples?121 samples of bagged apple samples and 84 samples of apple samples were collected?were collected from three main apple producing provinces?Bohai Bay apple dominant producing areas?in Liaoning,Hebei and Shandong.Collected 107 rotten apple samples,and 107 samples of apple products?apple juice,apple acid,apple wine,canned apples and apple jam?.A rapid and accurate method for the determination of 7 mycotoxins?PAT,OTA,AOH,AME,Te A and ALT?in apple,apple juice,apple wine,apple acid,apple jam and canned apples was developed with UPLC-MS/MS.The samples extracted with acetonitrile containing 10 mmol/L citric acid solution,then4A molecular sieve and Na Cl were added,the liquid supernatant was purged by C18 decontaminant.Finally,it was filtered through a 0.22?m PTFE membrane and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS.Results showed a detecting limit of 0.02¹.80?g·L^-1,the method limit of quantitation of 1⁵?g·L^-1.The method showed good linear correlation with the correlation coefficients all above 0.99 between 5¹00?g·L^-1.The recoveries were between 71.82%and 108.03%at the concentrations of 10,50 and 100?g·L^-1.This method is an efficient and simultaneous detection method to detect five kinds of apples production and apple products of 7 of mycotoxins.This will lay the foundation for the risk monitoring of mycotoxin contamination in apple and its products.Using the above-mentioned detection method,205 samples of apple samples with no visible lesion,107 samples of apples with rotting spots and 107 samples of apple products were analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows:None of the five fungal toxins in this study did not detect seven fungal toxins in the apples without visible rotting,indicating that the apples without visible rotting were not contaminated with mycotoxins.The apple with rotting lesion was seriously polluted by mycotoxin,and the detected concentration and the proportion of the apple were gradually decreased with the increase of lesion epithelium.The PAT,Te A,AOH,ALT,AME and TEN were detected in 107 samples of apple.PAT was the highest detection rate of mycotoxin.?56.3%?>TeA?53.3%?>AOH?24.3%?>ALT?16.8%?>AME?11.2%?>TEN?4.7%?was the highest in the decaying part of the rotten apple.)>OTA?0%?.Suggested in the process of processing apple products and people eat apples should be rotting lesions and lesion epithelization 2cm of pulp removed.A total of 11 samples of 107 apple products were tested for mycotoxins,including apple juice,apple sauce and apple cider vinegar,respectively,58.3%,33.3%and 8.3%of the detected samples,respectively.The detection rates of the above seven mycotoxins in 107 apples were:AME?7.5%?>TeA?4.7%?>TEN?2.8%?>PAT?1.9%?>AOH?1.9%?>ALT?1.9%?>OTA?0%?.The concentrations of each component were 0.3-4.42,11.9-20.6,2.2-10.1,11.1-13.8,0.3-3.7,0.5-1.1 and 0?g·L^-1,respectively.It is estimated that the consumption of apple juice is 12.5 g·d^-1,The daily tolerance of TeA was 0.15?g·kg^-1bw·d^-1,The maximum exposure of TeA was 0.01997?g·kg^-1bw·d^-1;the daily tolerance of PAT was 0.4?g·kg^-1bw·d^-1,and the maximum exposure of PAT was 0.00759?g·kg^-1bw·d^-1;the daily tolerance of TEN was 0.15?g·kg^-1 bw·d^-1,and the maximum exposure of TEN was 0.00162?g·kg^-1bw·d^-1.The risk of dietary exposure of PAT,TeA,TEN in apple juice is acceptable.