Quinoa Quality Evaluation And Genetic Diversity Analysis

Quinoa(Chenopodium quinoa willd)is one of the oldest crops in the American continent.Quinoa research starts late in China,people are still very strange about the quinoa,even unheard of.The conditions and tillage cultivation in China are diversified,and the requirements of quinoa are also different.It has not been system adaptability research and formulated reasonable cultivation measures,the source of Chinese quinoa materials also didn't make a system analysis.This study used SSR(Simple Sequence Repeat)markers to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of Chinese quinoa and South America quinoa.Quinoa was cultivated at different environments to investigate the effect of genotype,environment and their interaction on quality traits.In addition,investigate the effect of planting density on yield and quality of quinoa to formulate reasonable quinoa cultivation measures.1.Twenty-five quinoa germplasms were cultivated at five locations,and seven indicators of quality in quinoa seed were analyzed.The correlation analysis between different quality traits showed that protein had extremely significant negative correlation with fat,total flavonoids and total saponins(-0.68,-0.41,-0.56),but were remarkably positive correlation with ash content(0.38).The correlation among total flavonoids,polyphenols and saponins was positively significant.And altitude has significant effect on quality traits of quinoa.The variation of total polyphenol content was mainly affected by environment and genotype interaction,and other varieties of six traits were more influenced by the environment.The principal component analysis result of Quinoa quality traits in different region showed that Zhangbei(Hebei)got the highest scores.These results are available for quinoa introduction in our country and giving full play to the advantages of quinoa variety.2.Nine grain yield and quality indicators of quinoa were measured and analyzed to investigate the effect of planting density.The result showed that planting density had significant effect on the grain yield,but little influence on thousand seed weight.With the plant spacing increase,the grain yield was significantly increased,but as the row spacing increase,the yield showed a trend of decline.Differ from the functional component,three major components(starch,protein and fat)were significant affected by planting density.In addition,the principal components analysis result of yield and quality traits in different planting density suggested the suitable planting density of Zhangbei area is 50x20 cm.3.Sixty SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 176 quinoa germplasms from six groups.The genetic diversity results showed that quinoa from northern South America was the highest,while those from Taiwan was the lowest.The principal component analysis and cluster analysis of six groups suggested that the population from Hebei country had a closer relationship with Shanxi and Gansu group,and the quinoa germplasms from northern South America and Taiwan were in close relationship.Due to introduction and domestication,the distribution of quinoa germplasms from Shanxi and Gansu is scattered,part of them had a closer genetic relationship with South America group.