| The white-lion goose is a unique breed in the Northeast area of China,which is a high quality commodity goose cultivated by the Goose research institute of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University.The by-products of goose are very nutritious.Many studies found that the goose liver,goose gall and goose grease as the by-products of goose production are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and deoxycholic acids.Most of the utilization for goose by-products processing are focused on the health foods of goose liver and goose gall.However,most of the goose grease is used as feed.In this study,the white-lion goose was taken as the research object,which of the unsaturated fatty acids were studied for different parts of goose grease.The contents and composition of fatty acid of white-lion goose were compared with other varieties of goose and chicken,duck,to investigate the healthy functions of white-lion goose grease,goose meat,goose blood and goose liver.Meanwhile,the parameters of goose fatty acid extraction,methyl esterification,purification oxidation stability were studied to improve the value of goose grease.Five groups were set up for this study(10 for each group),which were white-lion goose,No.1 goose group,No.2 goose group,Spotted Duck group,and Sanhuang chicken.The fatty acid compositions of geese from five different parts of body including breast,thigh,abdominal fat,blood and Liver was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass.The single factor experiment and quadratic regressive experiment were conducted to study ultrasonic microwave synergistic extraction technology for goose abdominal fatty acids.Four factors including the ratio of alcohol to oil,the addition amount of KOH,the reaction temperature and the reaction time were selected for single factor experiments to determine the methyl esterification conditions.The purification technology of goose unsaturated fatty acid was prepared by single factor and orthogonal experiment.The physical and chemical indexes of the purified goose oil were tested and the digestion was done in vitro.And the stability of antioxidant activities was determined by Schaal oven method.Experimental results:(1)The results of fatty acids comparative composition analysis indicated that the composition of fatty acids methyl ester were similar in different parts of different poultry species,but the proportion of unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester were significantly different.The unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester content of all samples in abdominal grease was higher than that of others.The content of unsaturated fatty acids in white-lion goose abdominal grease was the highest,which was 71.12%.The saturated fatty acids in goose blood were slightly higher than those of unsaturated fatty acids.(2)The optimum conditions for the extraction of fatty acids from the abdominal grease of lion white goose were determined by ultrasonic microwave method.The ratio of liquid to material was 6.3 m L/g,the microwave power 299 W,the extraction temperature 26.4 ?,and the extraction time 24.5 min,the maximum extraction rate 90.21±0.13%.(3)The methesterification conditions for goose grease were: the ratio of alcohol to oil 7:1,addition amount of KOH 1.4%,the reaction temperature75?,the reaction time 1.5 h.Under this conditions,the maximum conversion rate of fatty acid methyl ester was 92.13±0.15%.(4)The preparative chromatographic purification parameters for goose fatty acids were as follows: C18 resin was selected as the stationary phases,the feed speed of chromatographic separation was 2.0 m L/min,the injection volume was 8 m L,the ratio of eluant methanol to ethanol =8:1,the injection sample concentration was 80%,the purity of the purified unsaturated fatty acid was 96.06±0.18%.The sensory requirements and physical and chemical indexes were all in accordance with the national standard GB 10146-2015(edible animal fat).(5)Results of digestion experiment in vitro: the digestibility of the purified goose oil was higher than the raw goose oil and soybean oil.(6)Results of three antioxidant stability effects on goose oil unsaturated fatty acids showed: TBHQ was the most ideal antioxidant,and the optimum addition amount was 0.015%.Conclusion: the grease,meat and liver of white-lion goose are rich in unsaturated fatty acids,which exhibit great healthy functions.The content of abdominal grease is up to 71.12%.Using ultrasonic microwave synergistic extraction and C18 chromatographic purification,the purity of unsaturated fatty acids is 96.06±0.18%,and the digestibility of this oil is higher than the soybean oil.In order to slow down the oxidation rate of goose oil rich in unsaturated fatty acid,0.015%TBHQ could be added as an antioxidant. |
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