| Amphetamine and methamphetamine are two kinds of stimulants that have significant stimulating effects on the central nervous system,and methamphetamine has become the main illicit drug in China.Because of the illegality and low prevalence of drug abuse,the traditional investigation are difficult to obtain and drug abuse among general population.In recent years,sewage epidemiology has shown great advantages in the investigation of drug abuse.The basis of sewage epidemiology is the analysis of drug residues in municipal wastewater.However,amphetamine and methamphetamine containing amino groups can form the hydrogen bonds with the stationary phase in gas chromatography,which will lead to the poor sensitivity and peak tailing.In this paper,derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to determine amphetamine and methamphetamine in wastewater.Amphetamine and methamphetamine were derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydrid(TFA)and heptafluorobutyric anhydride(HBFA),and the derivatization conditions were optimized.The conditions for the derivation of HBFA can be set at temperatures of 50 ?,time 50 min,dose of 20 ?L and lye washing.Three acetic anhydride derivatization conditions can be set at 50?,30 min and reaction dose of 25 ?L.Comparision with HBFA,TFA has the best derivatization effect with lower detection limit and higher processing efficiency.Through the analysis of actual wastewater samples with TFA,it was found that the average concentrations of methamphetamine and amphetamine in influent of 11 sewage treatment plants in Dalian ranged from 35.9?696 ng/L and 2.75?12.9 ng/L,respectively.According to the population,the flow rate and the metabolic proportion of methamphetamine,the amount of abuse per capita is 9?923 ?g/d.The prevalence of methamphetamine among adults(15-64 years old)in Dalian was 0.65%?1.48%.The results of this study show that sewage epidemiology provide real-time data for drug abuse. |
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