Research On Pedestrian Flow Characteristics In Complex Subway Station And Evacuation Model

Following the continuous development of railway system, the metro has become the most common used traffic manner for civilians. Up to 17 metro lanes have been under operation by 2015 in Beijing with a total distance of 552 kilometers, which characterize one of the largest urban railway systems in the world. Consequently, due to numerous intersections in the system, the number of transfer station has increased drastically and reached 53 at this moment. In terms of a significant lane transfer facility, the transfer station is inevitably considered as a high dense and fire exposed space. In case of fire, the structural complexity and a large number of electronic equipment in the station will in return to impede the personnel evacuation, as well as cause massive damages and losses. For this reason, more attentions and considerations are paid to the evacuation in case of fire. According to the national standard “CFDOM”, the evacuation time is defined as the total time for all the personnel onboard or on the platform to be completely evacuated. However the transfer station is often equipped with multi-storey public spaces, which facilitates the diffusion of smoke to the platform or the hall. Therefore, the personnel are necessarily to be kept from the platform, meanwhile evacuated to the exit or to the ground. Thus, it is significantly important to study the time model of the personnel during the evacuation.This paper has chosen typical transfer station and those with massive staircases to study the characteristics of personnel flow. Critical zones such as the platform, the passage, upgoing and downgoing staircases and toll gate were observed, counted and analyzed with regarding to the number of people, walking speed, density, behavioral choice and the correlation between walking speed and personnel density. Methodologies in computing evacuation time among Chinese, American and Japanese standards were thoroughly compared, in order to optimize a more accurate and logical computation model for evacuation time using the Chinese standard. At last, the accuracy of the current model was verified according to various simulations and their corresponding numerical models.