Spatial And Temporal Evolution Of Road And Its Effects On Landscape Fragmentation In The Large Scale Coal Mine Area

The road is a linear corridor embedded in the landscape.The natural path has a positive effect on the stability of ecosystem and biodiversity as the ecosystem energy,material transfer, animal and plant mobile channel.With the development of society and economy, people have built new roads in the natural ecosystem,Along with the continuous deepening of the road landscape, the distribution of the road, the evolution of the road and the density of the road will also make the landscape be divided,isolated, disturbed, destruction, degradation and other effects. The change of landscape pattern may reduce the ecosystem service function, which may affect the quantity and movement pattern of some plants and animals.The mining area is a special area, Pingshuo Mine Road type diversity, road distribution, road density changes over time makes the mine road complex to landscape mechanism. According to the theory of road ecology, this paper uses GIS overlay analysis method, buffer zone analysis, kernel density analysis method and landscape index method to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of Pingshuo mining area, the landscape types around different roads and its landscape fragmentation, different road density, The landscape pattern and landscape pattern of the surrounding area were analyzed and the reasons of the change were found based on the actual situation of the study area. At the same time, some suggestions were put forward for the different types of roads and different stages of the road by referring to the landscape ecological function model.The results show that: (1) Before 1996, road type, the number increased,but the road did not change the most. With the change of time, the frequent increase and loss of the industrial road make the fluctuation of the road change in the study area increase. ( 2 ) In a certain area of influence, the change of impact on landscape fragmentation: County Road>Provincial Road>Industrial and mining Road>Railway >highway>Urban road.(3 )The influence of the county, provincial road and highway on the landscape fragmentation is 1000m, the railway is 1500m, the urban road is less than 500m. Particularly, the fragmentation of industrial and mining roads increases with distance,and even affects larger areas outside the study area. (4) Over time, the density of roads in each grade increased, and the density of high density roads increased from 1 to 7, and the distribution of the highest density was changed from cultivated land and urban land to urban and industrial and mining land. With the increase of road density, the fragmentation degree of landscape in mining area increases, but when the density of road is 5.19km/km2, the fragmentation of landscape decreases. The road density is 3, the landscape shape index is the largest and the diversity of the road is the highest when 7, which is different from the related research results:the greater the road density, the greater the landscape index. (5) In addition to considering the effect of road distribution and road density changes on the landscape fragmentation around the road in the original landform and the mining production area, the road optimization should also consider the different development stages and different development stages of the different areas of development Measures to make the study area road optimization can be more targeted and practical operation.