Research On Eco-compensation Standard Of The Water-Receiving Area In The Middle Route Of South-to-North Water Diversion Project

With the rapid economic development,the conflicts between resources and environment,and social development are becoming increasingly intense in China.Particularly,water is one of the most important and scarce resources and China has built many water transfer projects to address the problem of its unbalanced distribution both in time and space.However,the source areas of those projects are suffering a huge cost for protecting water resources while the water-receiving areas benefit a lot from those projects,so the source areas are gradually losing their incentive to protect water resources.To address this problem,ecological compensation has become a necessary solution.By reviewing current study and practices in the field of eco-compensation,this paper first discusses the theoretical foundation and necessity to implement eco-compensation from economic and ecological point of view.Then bas ed on its theoretical foundation,this paper proposes three major principles that should be observed when implementing eco-compensation,which are the principle of fairness,the principle of compensating by beneficiary and the principle of scientific and reasonable compensation.And also this paper summarizes conventional methods used to determine compensation amount,and proposes a catastrophic model to analyze the water shortage condition of the beneficiary side in the water transfer project,and then uses the shadow price of water obtained by input-output analysis to determine the economic loss caused by water shortage,which provide support and basis for determining eco-compensation amount by using cost analysis method.Beijing in the South-North water transfer project is taken as a case study and the result shows that the eco-compensation amount determined in this way is reasonable and acceptable compared to the economic return brought by the transferred water.Then this paper summarizes the whole process of building the eco-compensation system of water transfer project,which includes identifying all the stakeholders in this system,choosing proper eco-compensation model and conducting the performance evaluation of the eco-compensation practice,and discusses the importance of the method used in the previous case study to determine the compensation amount in a market system.At last,this paper also points out the direction for further study in this field based on the problems met in this paper,which is the way that the eco-compensation is conducted between the two sides in a project.