Equity Based Congestion Pricing And Bus Subsidy Considering The Constraint Of Alternative Path

With the progress of urbanization in China and the gradual improvement of urban road infrastructure,the number of private cars has risen sharply,causing serious traffic congestion in many cities.Road congestion charging is one of the effective measures to alleviate urban traffic congestion.It has been successfully applied in Singapore,the United Kingdom and other countries and achieved good results.However,due to the lack of public support,congestion charging in our country is still in the stage of theoretical exploration.Therefore,based on the domestic and international theoretical research and overseas practice,this paper studies the congestion pricing of urban roads for the purpose of achieving the fairness of travel and the enforceability of policies.The paper studies the optimal pricing of congestion charging in single-travel mode and hybrid transport network scenario,and analyzes the impact of congestion charging on the travel path selection and travel mode selection.Under a single mode of travel,this paper establishes a bi-level model of urban road congestion charging.The upper model aims at minimizing the total travel cost of transport network and optimizes the road for congestion toll and congestion pricing.The lower model is a user equilibrium distribution model which describes the traveler’s travel decision.Under multi-modal network,this paper establishes a bi-level model of urban road congestion pricing and bus subsidy based on fairness,and analyses the pricing of congestion charging under private travel and bus travel modes.In the upper model,the fairness constraint is designed to ensure that after the traffic planning manager formulates the toll price,there is at least one unpaid route between each OD so that the traveler can still enjoy the basic travel rights.At the same time,in order to raise the level of public support for congestion charges,revenue from congestion charges should be used to improve public transport service,provide subsidies for transfer fares and purchase new buses to increase the frequency of buses on crowded road sections.The lower model is a multi-model hybrid traffic network equilibrium model,while achieving traffic division and user balance.In addition,the improved hybrid model search algorithm is used to solve the upper models of the two congestion pricing models,and the lower models of the two models are solved respectively by using the Frank-Wolfe algorithm and the improved continuous averaging algorithm.The numerical results shows that the congestion pricing schemes in both scenarios proposed in this paper can reduce the total travel cost of the transport network and the total travel time of the transportation network and improve the travel environment of the road.At the same time,the congestion pricing method proposed in this paper considers the fairness of congestion pricing and improves the travel environment of public transportation system.Therefore,it is easier to obtain public support in the implementation.