Study Of Accident Causation Model Based On Information Interaction

With the increasing of train speed and operation density,the risk of accidents has increased.As an important means of ensuring safety,the accident analysis has a profound impact on train safe operation.At the same time,due to the application of computer system,train control system is becoming more and more complex,and the information interaction within the system is also becoming more and more complicated and diversified,these changes bring great challenges to the related accident analysis.In addition,the existing accident analysis methods are not aimed at railway system,and there are a variety of problems,such as focusing on system components fault or failure,ignoring the system operation scenario,ignoring the Human-Machine-Environment interaction,ignoring the dynamics of the system and so on.Therefore,establishing an accident analysis method applicable to the railway system is an urgent problem to be solved in our country at this stage.In this thesis,the complex interaction characteristics of train control system are analyzed,an accident analysis method based on information interaction is proposed.Explore the causal mechanism of accidents by analyzing interaction in the system,the"7·23" Yong-Wen Line Major Railway accident is analyzed as an example.The main innovations are as follows:(1)A new accident causation model is proposed:which is based on information interaction.According to the interpretation of the accident in system theory,and the study of accident cases,it was found that the majority of accidents occurred due to the inaccurate cognition of operator or equipment about the system operation status,or due to the cognition of operator or equipment on the task execution progress does not match the actual situation,causing the wrong action of an operator or a device and thus causing an accident.The main reason of this situation is the abnormal information interaction between operator,device and environment.(2)The concept of cognitive model of operator and device to system operation status or task execution progress is proposed:the mental model of the operator and cognitive model of the machine(equipment).The mathematical model of operator's cognitive decision-making is established.The purpose of accident analysis method based on information interaction is to analyze the operator's cognitive decision-making process and cognitive model of the machine through the information interaction in the system,so as to find out the cause for the deviation between the mental model of the operator or cognitive model of the machine and actual physical model.(3)Systematic,comprehensive analysis of "7·23" accident from the perspective of information interaction.The information interaction model between operator,machine and environment involved in the accident,and the actual physical model of the accident,the mental model of the operator and the cognitive model of the machine(equipment)are established to analyze the operator's cognitive decision-making process and cognitive model of the machine,and the reason that causes the cognitive deviation of operator and equipment are found,namely accident cause.(4)A Human Reliability Analysis(HRA)event tree situation model is established.The causal relationship between the occurrence of abnormal situations in "7·23" accident is identified,combined with accident cause,some recommendations are put forward from the perspective of cutting off the path of occurrence of abnormal situation.