Research On The Morphological Variation And Reproductive Characters Of 15 Germplasm Materials Of Trifolium L. In Xinjiang

Fifteen wild germplasm materials of clover(Trifolium repens L.), including fourteen germplasm materials of white clover(Trifolium repens L.) and a germplasm material of Trifolium fragiferum L., were used as experimental materials and research on morphology, turf characters and reproductive character. The leaf and floral morphology were observed, the turf quality were evaluated. The influence of pollination in one plant(no supplementary pollination), open pollination and cross pollination in one plant on pod rate was determined. The experimental results were as follows:1.The leaf morphology of 15 germplasm materials of white clover was measured. The result showed that each germplasm material had a great difference in leaf color, leaf shape and leaf spot. Compared to Haifa, Xinjiang white clover had no ‘V' spot. The variation of the germplasm materials from large to small was leaf length, leaf area, leaf width, chlorophyll content. The variation of leaf length was 1.55-2.62 mm with 11.62 % coefficients which was largest. The variation of leaf width, leaf area, chlorophyll content in the same germplasm material was larger than that those in different germplasm materials.Leaf phenotypic characteristics had no significant correlation with altitude. Cluster analysis in the leaf morphology of fifteen germplasm materials of Xinjiang wild clover with minimum distance method was conducted. Fifteen germplasm materials were divided into two groups at the point that Euclidean distance was 15. One group included NS03, NS04, NL07, HT13, NS01 and other materials belonged to another group.2.The flower morphology of 15 germplasm materials of white clover was measured and the results showed that variation of the germplasm materials from large to small was vexillar width, calyx length, floret length, floret stalk length, inflorescence length, carina width, inflorescence axis length, wing length, vexillar length, wing width, carina length and the variation of vexillar width was 0.24-0.47 mm with 40.14 % coefficients which was largest. The variation of nflorescence axis length, wing width, carina length in the same germplasm material was larger than that those in different germplasm materials. The others were contrary. Comprehensive analysis showed that the variation of flower morphology in the same germplasm material was larger than that those in different germplasm materials. So the variation of flower morphology could showed the character of germplasm material compared with leaf morphology. The results of correlation analysis showed that grain weight had no significant correlation with flower morphology but the size of floret was related to the size of carina and vexillar. Carina width had a significant positive correlation with vexillar width. Wing length had a significant positive correlation with style length. Fifteen material were divided into two groups with the method of minimum distance in Euclidean distance. TK08 was a group and others were in another group.3.The micro-observation of HT12 pistil development process was to find that the pistil stigma of white clover florets cracked in the time when wing flap reached to 1/2 length of the vexillum. The pollen of stamen disseminated when wing fully opened. So the best time to remove stamen artificially was before wing fully opened. The time of floret from vexillum long protruding calyx to floret wilting lasted 50-52 h.4.The effect of mating mode of white clover on pot rate was different. The highest pot rate of same pollination in one plant was NS05 and it was 99 %. The lowest pot rate of same pollination in one plant was NL09, HT11, HT12, HT14 and it was 0. The highest pot rate of cross pollination in one plant was NS01, NS02, NS05, CJ06, HT11, HT12, LD15 and it was 100 %. The highest pot rate of cross pollination in one plant was HT10 and it was 57.1 %. The highest pot rate of open pollination was NS04 and it was 100 %. The lowest pot rate of open pollination was TK08 and NS03 and it was 96 %.5.The turf quality of 15 germplasm materials of white clover was compared. The results showed that the growth period and green period of fifteen white clovers had great differences. The HT10 was the earliest one to turn green. The days of growth period tested materials were 99-139 d. The comprehensive analysis by agronomy index and turf quality to find that NS04 and HT14 could be used suitably as turfgrass. XJ01, HT10, HT11 could be used suitably as honey plant or ornamented grass and HT12 and HT13 could be used suitably as forage.