| In recent years, the worsening climate problems caused widespread concern domestic and abroad, because of its adverse effects could jeopardize the future survival and development of human society. In recent years, the increasingly serious environmental problems may endanger the survival and development of human society in the future, thus causing widespread concern at home and abroad. Shortage of water resources imposed more severe requirements of food safety and low carbon in North China Plain. To find the effective measures to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from soil and develop water-saving agriculture in North China Plain, a field experiment was conducted with 2 planting patterns?wideprecision planting pattern and conventional-cultivation planting pattern? and 2 straw mulching rates(0 and 0.6 kg m-2) to study dynamic change of plant numbers, leaf area index?LAI?, dry matter accumulation, and grain yield in 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 winter wheat growing seasons. By measuring the population dynamics of winter wheat at growing season, by measuring the group number dynamic changes of winter wheat growing season, LAI, dry matter accumulation, soil moisture, photo synthetically active radiation?PAR? interception rate, grain yield, soil respiration rate, soil carbon emissions, and other index were measured to further study the mechanism of water and carbon utilization in summer maize farm by path analysis of impact factors. The results showed that:In the early stage of winter wheat, straw mulching reduce the number of tillers, LAI, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic interception rate and other indicators. This not only reduces the dry matter accumulation of ground, but also affects the accumulation of spike weight in the late growth stage. In the late growth stage of winter wheat, mulching treatment could delay the decline of plant, so that under the same planting pattern, LAI no significant reduction, at the case of wheat straw mulch reduced spike. Straw mulching treatment could increase the chlorophyll content, canopy temperature, interception rate, PAR capture ratio compare with non-mulching treatment. Which not only help beneficial on aboveground dry matter accumulation but also conducive to increase spike weight in the late growth stage. At maturity stage, straw mulching significantly reduced spike numbers and 1000-grain weight; therefore, resulted in significant reduction of winter wheat grain yield. Under mulching, the loss of grain yield in wide-precision planting pattern was compensated by significantly increased spike numbers.In the case of planting patterns under the same mulching can increase the soil moisture, and can adjust the different levels of soil moisture, while significantly reducing the water consumption of Winter Wheat during the whole growth period. However, under the same coverage, planting mode had no significant effect on evapotranspiration, but mulching treatment can significantly reduce the invalid water in the early stage of growth, and increase the effective regulation of water consumption in the late growth stage. And under mulching, wide precision planting pattern could play a compensatory role for yield losses under straw mulching, so that, the cover under the condition of wide precision planting pattern of WUE was significantly higher than that in the conventional planting pattern.In the whole growth period of winter wheat, wheat by mulching reduced soil respiration rate, thereby reducing carbon dioxide emission, and it can significantly increase the amount of carbon sink and soil layers of soil microbial biomass carbon, which will have to reduce the emissions of carbon in the soil. And due to the wide precision sowing treatment can significantly improve winter wheat yield under cover, and different planting modes on carbon emissions without significant effect, so wide precision planting pattern with straw mulching could significantly increase yield carbon use efficiency, so wide precision planting patterns with straw mulch can achieve stable wheat production target, which is a kind of resource conservation, environment friendly development mode. Hoping to provide a scientific basis and technical support through this study wheat low-carbon sustainable development. |
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