Study On Bionomics In A New Spur And Red Stripe Fuji Apple

This research took the red Fuji bud mutation as tested material, Xinhong1# and Nagafu2# as control materials, through on measuring and comparing its biological characteristics, growth and leaf anatomical structure and photosynthesis indexes to clear the excellent characteristics of Red Fuji sports, and then by using ISSR molecular marker identification technology to the bud mutation. The ISSR fingerprints of 13 samples were constructed and the genetic relationship was analyzed and identified, which laid a reliable theoretical basis for the validation of new varieties. The main results were as follows:(1) The florescence and phenophase of branch and leaf growth had no differences among three cultivars; there were some remarkable differences between the sports and Nagafu2#. For example, the bud sports internode length was significantly shortened and the leaf area was obviously increased. Its characteristics performance of spur was similar to Xinhong1# and the spur sports presented significant spur traits. The indicators were better than others cultivars, weighing 291.02 g on average, containing soluble solid content of 18.66%, soluble sugar content of 13.73%. Calculating these indexes comprehensively,thinking the bud mutation's spur traits were obvious and showing easily into flower, high fruit rate,excellent quality and other characteristics, the conclusion can be drawn that the bud mutation was an excellent spur and red stripe type of variation materials.(2) From the ultrastructure of pollen indexes determination results can be seen, the bud mutation of pollen grains was the largest, followed by Xinhong1#, the smallest was Nagafu2#. The bud sports of polar axis length and equatorial axis length was significantly higher than that of Nagafu2#. Pollen grain in three materials had some differences, smaller pore diameter less number of bud sports was not obvious; the number of large aperture Xinhong1# more obvious and had convoluted ornamentation; and Nagafu2# large aperture distribution and the maximum number of relatively dense. Long branch Nagafu2# P/E greater than spur type bud sports and Xinhong1#, pollen ornamentation in each species have their own characteristics,can be taken advantage of pollen morphology scanning to identify the three test materials.(3) Nagafu2# pollination after 10 h of vast quantities of pollen germination on the stigma and 48 h of pollen tube into the style of 1/4, 72 h pollen tube extended into the middle of the style and in 120 h after the style base. Bud sports and Xinhong1# pollen tube growth dynamic similarity, in 6h and 8h pollen grains reached maximum germination, 48 h respectively elongation to style 1/2 and 1/3, after 96 h the most of pollen tubes through the base of style and into the ovary. Showed that under the same external conditions spur type varieties bud sports and Xinhong1# pollen germination and pollen tube growth faster than long branch type varieties Nagafu2#.(4) There was a certain degree of difference in the leaf anatomical structures of three materials; the bud sports and Xinhong1# of the palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness and leaf thickness significantly higher than Nagafu2#. By using the method of subordinate function of eight indexes of comprehensive evaluation, the drought resistance of the three materials from strong to weak order followed by Xinhong1#> bud sports> Nagafu2#. Comprehensive analysis showed that the bud mutation has the characteristics of leaf thickness, highly developed palisade tissue and spongy tissue thickness of spur type apple. Also showed that the drought-resistant ability of the spur-type varieties bud sports stronger than long branch type varieties Nagafu2#.(5) The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rates of the three apple materials were typical“double-apex curve”, and the phenomenon of “the midday rest” were obvious. Compared with Nagafu2#,Xinhong1# and bud sports of the net photosynthetic rate of daily average value were high 26.37% and27.34% respectively. Their net photosynthetic rate in each period was greater than Nagafu2#, showing that spur types Xinhong1# and bud mutation had a higher photosynthetic capacity. Diurnal variation of WUE presented “single-valley curve”, the order in daily change of average WUE of three materials taken as Xinhong1# > bud mutation > Nagafu2#, showing that the spur type varieties Xinhong1# and bud mutation of drought-resistant ability stronger than the long branch type varieties Nagafu2#.(6) Three ISSR primer pairs that with high polymorphism and good repeatability were selected from25 ISSR primer pairs, and their names were UBC846?UBC881 and UBC899. Three primer pairs produced57 loci of which 50 were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci was up to 86.11%. Using three polymorphic ISSR primers to construct the digital fingerprint can effectively distinguish all the materials and establish the phylogenetic relationships of 12 apple varieties and bud sports. The similarity coefficient of the 13 materials range between 0.67-0.82, bud sports and Nagafu2# genetic similarity coefficient was the highest, up to 0.82, indicating their close genetic relationship.