Analysis And Comparision Of Fuji Bud Mutation Varieties And Identification Of Fuji Bud Mutaion Strains

Fuji is the main cultivar of our country.However,there are some problems such as poor fruit shape,poor coloring,subtle flavor and irrational variety structure.The evaluation of the existing varieties of Fuji buds and the breeding of new Fuji budding varieties are important for solving these problems.In this study,we compared the fruit characteristics,growth and fruiting habits of some Fuji buds in the apple eugenic area of Weibei Loess Plateau,in order to screen the suitable Fuji budding varieties for Weibei area.In addition,the variability types and genetic stability of three Fuji buds were identified by morphological observation,anatomical observation and molecular marker technique.Main conclusions are as follows:1.“Qinfu 1” and “Liquan 1 spur” is more suitable for the Weibei area than other Fuji apple spur bud mutation varieties,and the main advantages are as follows:(a)the tree vigor is moderate,and these two cultivars showed obvious spur characteristics,such as high germination rate,weak branching ability and short internode length.;(b)fruit surface is clean,bright red,and the proportion of commercial fruit is high;(c)the pulp is crisp,and the acidity and the sweetness are moderate.(d)the yield is relatively high.the yield of Liquan 1 spur is the highest in the 16 Fuji budding varieties.2.“Yanfu 3”,“Shanfu 6” and “Naga-Fu 2”is more suitable for the Weibei area than other Fuji apple color line bud mutation varieties,and the main advantages are as follows:(a)the tree vigor of “Shanfu 6” is moderate.and “Shaanxi Fu 6” showed a high germination rate and low branch strength,high yield,large fruit,all red coloring and good flavor.(b)“Yanfu 3”showed high yield and good fruit quality with all red coloring,neat shape,crisp pulp,sweet and sour flavor.(c)“Naga-Fu 2” showed high yield and good fruit quality with crisp pulp,sweet flavor.the fruit surface of “Naga-Fu 2” has high brightness,red and yellow degree.the firmness of “Naga-Fu 2” is relatively high,making it more suitable for long-distance transport and storage.3.“Jinfu 1” and “Yuhuazaofu” is more suitable for the Weibei area than other Fuji appleearly maturity bud mutation varieties,and the main advantages are as follows:(a)the tree vigor is moderate.fruit mature in mid-September in Weibei area,earlier than other Fuji appleearly maturity bud mutation varieties.and the yield is high.(b)fruit external quality is excellent,with bright surface,all red coloring and good shape.the fruit of “Yuhuazaofu” is relatively large.(c)good fruit quality with crisp pulp,sweet and sour flavor,and rich in juice.4.Using morphological and anatomical identification,it was found that there were significant differences between the three Fuji buds and the control:the chlorophyll content increased;the internode length was shortened;the tapering grade and relative diameter increased;the germination rate increased and the branching ability decreased significantly,and the thickness rate of palisade and sponge tissue increased significantly.These are the typical biological characteristics of spur apple varieties.5.3 Fuji bud mutaion strains have shown many advantages in the production,including obvious spur characteristics,high and stable yield,bright red color,large fruit,excellent intrinsic quality.Compared with the control,the most obvious advantage of the Fuji buds' external quality is the good coloring.The results showed that the three Fuji bud mutaion strains were excellent in synthetic quality and suitable for development in Weibei area.6.The ISSR molecular marker technique was used to identify the strain of Fuji buds,and it was confirmed that the mutation was changed at the DNA level.The results also indicated that ISSR molecular marker technique could be used as an effective method for identification of Fuji buds.