Study On Detoxification Of Compound Absorbents To The Joint Toxitcity Of Aflatoxin B₁ And Deoxynivalenol

Mycotoxins are a kind of natural carcinogens produced by fungi under the specific environment.They are mainly existed in the agricultural products and feed,and can not only cause the economic losses,but also severe damage the health of animals and humans.It was reported that aflatoxin B₁（AFB₁）and deoxynivalenol（DON）were two mycotoxins with the highest contamination rates and levels in feed and feedstock.At present,it has become a major problem for the animal husbandry to effectively prevent and control mycotoxin contamination and related consequences.Currently,mycotoxin adsorption method is a hot topic,but because of the different properties of the adsorbent materials and toxins,while one adsorbent material is difficult to effectively absorb a variety of toxins at a time,and the presence of most of the feed mixing mycotoxin contamination.In view of the above situation,six kinds of common adsorbent materials from the market — mannose-oigosaccharides（MOS）,na-montmorillonite（Na-MMT）,HSCAS,polyvinyl pyrrolidone（PVP）,cholestyramine,and apple cellulose for the adsorption test in vitro to investigate the effects of the adsorption of AFB₁ and DON,and a composite adsorbent（CA）was prepared.Then,an experiment was conducted in vivo to study the individual toxic effects of AFB₁ and DON and their joint toxicity,as well as the detoxification effect of CA,through the changes of weight gain,relative organ index,serum biochemical index,SOD activity and MDA level,and the pathological changes of liver tissues.This study will provide the experimental basis for clinical reasonable screening mycotoxin absorbents.1.The adsorption material adsorption testHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）was used to examine the adsorption rate of six kinds of adsorbents for AFB₁ and DON,and compared their adsorption effect.The results indicated that the adsorption rate of MOS for DON was41.81%,which significantly higher than that of other adsorbents;the adsorption rate of Na-MMT for AFB₁ was 98.78%,which was the highest adsorbent material among all adsorbents.Therefore,MOS and Na-MMT were selected in this experiment and mixed into a CA at the ratio of 1:1.2.The test in mice in vivo84 Kunming mice（21-day-old）were randomly divided into seven groups,three replicates per group and four per replicate.All mice were fed with the same feed,themice in groupⅠ（control group）were gavaged with the physiological saline everyday;the mice in group Ⅱ were gavaged with 0.5% CA;the mice in group Ⅲ were gavaged with 200 μg·kg-1 AFB₁;the mice in group Ⅳ were gavaged with 500μg·kg-1 DON;the mice in group Ⅴ were gavaged with 200 μg·kg-1 AFB₁ + 500μg·kg-1 DON;the mice in group Ⅵ were gavaged with 200 μg·kg-1 AFB₁ + 500μg·kg-1 DON + 0.1% CA;the mice in group Ⅶ were gavaged with 200 μg·kg-1 AFB₁+ 500 μg·kg-1 DON + 0.5% CA.The trial was conducted for 30 days.At 15 and 30 d,two mice from each replicate were selected randomly and blood samples were taken from the eyeball for measuring serum TP,ALB contents and the activities of AST,ALT,ALP,r-GT,SOD,MDA.Meanwhile,the selected mice were slaughtered and the liver and spleen were taken for calculating the organ relative index,and the pathologic changes liver tissue were observed.The result showed as follows:On the 15 th day of the experiment,compared with the control group,the weight gain and TP contents of mice in Group V were significantly decreased（P <0.05）;the relative organ index of liver and spleen,and the AST activities were significantly increased（P <0.05）;the serum ALB levels of mice in Group Ⅲ and Ⅴ were significantly decreased（P <0.05）.The activities of SOD,ALT,ALP,and r-GT and the serum MDA contents of mice in different groups showed no significant difference from those of the control group（P >0.05）.Liver cells of mice in Group Ⅴ showed slight vacuolar degeneration,but the liver tissues of mice in other groups were normal.On the 30 th day of the experiment,compared with the control group,the weight gain of mice in Group Ⅲ,Ⅳ,and V were significantly decreased（P <0.05）;the relative organ index of liver,the activities of AST and ALP,and the MDA contents of mice in Group V were significantly increased（P <0.05）;the relative organ index of spleen of mice in Group Ⅲ and V were significantly increased（P<0.05）;the serum r-GT activities of mice in Group Ⅲ,Ⅳ,and Ⅴ were significantly increased（P<0.05）,but the TP contents were significantly decreased（P <0.05）;the serum ALT activities of mice in Group Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significantly increased（P <0.05）;the serum ALB levels of mice in Group Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,and Ⅵ were significantly decreased（P <0.05）;the serum SOD activities of mice in Group Ⅲ,Ⅴ,and Ⅵwere significantly decreased（P <0.01）.A small amount of liver cells showed vacuolar degeneration,with occasional congestion in Group Ⅲ.The liver cells showed slightvacuolar degeneration in Group Ⅳ,and the liver cells in Group Ⅴ showed more significant vacuolar degeneration than those of Group Ⅲ and Ⅳ,complicated by congestion.In conclusion,the experiment in vivo showed that the joint toxicity of AFB₁ and DON was significantly greater than any of the individual toxicity,while 0.5% CA can significantly adsorb both of the toxins and effectively alleviate their damage to the body.Results of this experiment have a vital clinical significance to effectively control mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products and feed,as well as boost the healthy development of the animal husbandry.