| Rice is one of the three major food crops in China, it is steal the largest area plant and highest yield in china. It could be ensure the national food security and play an important role for the sustainable development of national economy. So, good parent selection play a crucial role in conventional breeding and hybrid rice breeding.This test use a sterile lines Qian 209 A as the main test materials, the design to compound of 24 crossing combinations according to the 3×8 NC?genetic way combined with other two sterile lines and eight restorer lines. The growth characteristics and yield and agronomic traits of combining ability effect and heterosis were investigated by joint identification at three sites. The results as follows:1. CMS Qian 209 A have stable comprehensive agronomic traits, moderate plant type, strong tillering ability and growth period type is belonging to late-maturing. The infertility rate was 100.0%, the abortion rate was high, pollen staining typical abortion mainly small affair defeated, Good flowering habits, long flowering period, flowering period high proportion of full bloom, stigma exposed high outcrossing good performance, the average of its group with different hybrid combinations outcrossing rate of 75.57%, including the neck was 18%.2. Through the plant height, panicle length, panicle, a total of 8 traits of F1 hybrid combination materials by joint analysis of variance Based on the 3 sites, the result shown that: in one test block,every various characters there is no difference;full grains and yield per plant between three sites,significant differences, effective spike and grain weight per reached significant level. 24 hybrid combinations between yield per plant of significant differences, the plant height, panicle per spike grains per panicle, grain weight difference were reached to very significant level; 24 hybrid combinations and test site interactions, full grains reached significant level, panicle length, seed setting rate, grain weight per and yield per plant were very significant differences.Indicates: different test block, the difference between different agronomic characters of hybrid combinations is real, and block and hybrid combination of interaction effect showed that the agronomic traits are greatly influenced by the environment. Agronomic traits can be inherited stably, but also affected by the environment.3.The result according to general combining ability(GCA) of yield per plant shown as follow: Sterile lines were positive GCA Chuangu A and Jin 23 A, they are 0.6069 and 7.4532; restorer lines are positive GCA Minghui 86, Qianhui 790, Chenghui 727, they are 4.3374,3.9752 and 0.4560; there were differences in grain yield per plant SCA 24 crossing combinations, SCA has 10 positive combination, negative in 13 combinations. It formulated 24 combinations, with the highest yield per plant SCA Chuangu A / Qianhui 785, the value was 4.1062; followed by Jin 23 A / Qianhui 790, Qian 209 A / Shuhui 527, Qian 209 A / Minghui 63, and Chuangu A / Chenghui 727, those values were 3.6010,3.5187,2.8793 and 2.6584. Hybridization with a description of these groups have a relatively stable genetic characteristics and utilization potential of a relatively large increase in breeding of rice.Through test general combining ability(GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA) of eight agronomic traits of 24 crosses, the result as follow: Qian 209 A 's plant height, ear length, GCA per panicle, panicle, and several other traits(GCA) relative effect of relatively high value; Chuangu A in spike length, grains per panicle, grains per panicle, yield per plant, and several other characters general combining ability(GCA) effects of relatively high value; Jin 23 A in GCA effective panicles, seed setting rate, yield per plant, and several other traits(GCA) relative effect of relatively high value. Restorers in general combining ability(GCA), and Minghui 63 in Guizhou restore GCA effective panicles, grain weight and several other traits(GCA) effects of relatively high value; Shuhui 527 plant height, grains per panicle, 1000-seed rate of several characters in general combining ability(GCA) effects relatively high value; Minghui86 in panicle length, panicle, GCA per panicle, seed setting rate, yield per plant, and several other traits(GCA) relative effect of a higher value; Qianhui 785 GCA plant height, panicle length, panicle, and several other traits(GCA) effects of relatively high value; Qianhui 790 panicles, each panicle, GCA per panicle, yield per plant, and several other traits(GCA) relative effect of a higher value; Chenghui 727 GCA in setting rate, effective panicles, each panicle and several other traits(GCA) relative effect in a higher value; Qianhui 1385 in GCA height spike length, grains per panicle, grains per panicle, and several other traits(GCA) effects of relatively high value; Shuhui 498 in each ear GCA total grains per panicle, seed set, and several other traits(GCA) effects of relatively high value.CMS lines crosses in each group's: height special combining ability(SCA) is the largest combination is Qian 209 A / Shuhui 527; maximum spike length combinations special combining ability(SCA) is the Jin 23 A / Minghui 63; effective the maximum combination spike special combining ability(SCA) is the Jin 23 A / Qianhui 785; maximum combined per panicle special combining ability(SCA) is the Jin 23 A / Qianhui 785; per panicle special combining ability(SCA) the maximum combination is Jin 23 A / Qianhui 785; the largest combination seed rate special combining ability(SCA) is Qian 209 A / Minghui 63; the largest combination grain weight special combining ability(SCA) is the Chuangu A / Qianhui 785; each special production lines combining ability(SCA) is the largest combination of Chuangu A / Qian hui 785.By comparing on 24 crosses combinations yield to calculate yield heterosis, the result shown that: In the top of five crosses are:Jin 23 A / Qianhui 790,Jin23 A / Ming hui 86, Jin23 A / Qianhui 1385,Jin 23 A / Chenghui 727, Jin 23 A / Shuhui 498. Jin23 A have the highest average yield in eight restorers group with hybrids.Qian 209 A combined in the height, spike length, the effective panicle per panicle, and total grain number per panicle advantage are stronger. The average yield per plant and grain weight advantage were strong of Jin 23A; The plant height, effective ears, per panicle and total grain number per panicle heterobeltiosis were strong of Qian 209 A combination; Chuangu A combination have the heterobeltiosis on panicle length; The seed rate, heterosis grain weight and yield per plant are strong of Jin 23 A. Instructions that Qian 209 A combined with high biomass, strong tillering and large number of hybrid combinations of grains have greater potential. Qian 209 A sterile lines compared to other two contrast sterile lines and hybrid combinations yield is low, the problem is that may be the cause of seed setting rate is low, may also be due to the combination long growth period, the late insufficient much rain light, etc.; Through the study of this experiment, can be in practice in the future hybrid combination with team to provide guidance for the selection of parents. |
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