Studies On The Preparation Of Bidens Pilosa L. Granules And Its Protective Effect Against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Acute Liver Injury In Chicken

Bidens bipinnata L., an annual herbage, commonly known as "po-po-zhen, gui-chai-zhen,xiao-gui-zhen, nian-shen-cao" in China, is a species of the genus Bidens?Compositae?. It has the effects of heat-clearing, detoxicating and eliminating stasis to subdue swelling, and had been traditionally used as herbal medicine for many years. According to the record of "Zhong Yao Dictionary", Bidens bipinnata L. is bitter in taste, neutralin nature and innocuity. Recent pharmacological and clinical researches have proved that Bidens has pharmacological effects including antibacteria, antivirus, antiinflammation, hepatoprotection, antimalarial, antioxidation, antidiabetic, and antihypertension, etc. There are about 230 species of Bidens bipinnata L.. China has 9 species and 2 variants, and distributed in all over of the country, particularly in East, Middle, South, and Southwest of China. Investigation showed that is generally distributed in the low altitude area of Guangdong Province, the distribution area is above thirty-three thousand hm2. Due to its character of blossoming and yielding seeds all the year round and incredible fecundity, it has become the most dangerous alien invasive plants in Guangdong Province. Since its seed reservoir is very huge, the way and effect of preventing and controlling of the invasion of the plant is insufficient, in order to fully exploit the medical property of Bidens bipinnata L. to achieve the aim of "application instead of elimination control", this article carry out the study on the application of Bidens bipinnata L. in livestock and poultry industry. 1 Extraction technique of total flavonoids from Bidens bipinnata L.The total flavonoids in Bidens bipinnata L. were determined by UV spectrophotometry with rutin as standard and Na NO2-Al Cl3-Na OH coloration system. The rutin standard solutions showed good linear relationship over a wide concentration range of 0.02⁰.10 mg/m L. The linear equation of absorbance?A? and concentration?C? is A=10.908C+0.0858, with R2=0.9982.The extraction technology of total flavonoids from Bidens bipinnata L. was optimized by single factor comparison and orthogonal experimental design. Based on an over all consideration of time and energy for industrial application, the optimal extraction technique was 12-fold of 80% ethanol refluxed one hour for twice. The extracted rate of the total flavonoids of Bidens bipinnata L. was 7.57mg/g in the small test validation. 2 Preparation and quality study of the Bidens pilosa L. granulesAccording to the preparation process of herbal medicine granules, an uniform design was carried out to optimize the preparation process of the Bidens pilosa L. granules by using forming degree, hygroscopicity, and dissolution rate as indexes to evaluate the process. The best proportion of dry extract powder and adjuvant?sucrose and dextrine? of the granules is 1:1.57.Three batches of Bidens pilosa L. granules were made according to the optimal preparation process. The average concentrations of Bidens pilosa L. granules were 23.59²5.96 mg/g, the average moisture contents were 2.04².51%, and the critical relative humidity was 72.95%.The angles of repose of three batches of granules were measured by measuring the high and the diameter of the cone formed by the fixed funnel. The angles of repose were less than 40°, indicating that the flowability of the granules was very good. The bulk density of three batches of granules was measured by graduated cylinder assay. The bulk density of the granules was very close, ranging from 0.47g/m L to 0.53g/m L, indicating that the bulk density of the granules was identical. 3 Protective effect of Bidens pilosa L. granules against acute liver injury in chickensSixty chickens were randomly divided into six groups: Bidens pilosa L. granules groups?low dose, medium dose and high dose?, bifendate group, the model control group, the normal control group, with ten chickens in each group. CCl₄ was used to induce the acute liver injury model. The hepatoprotective effect of Bidens pilosa L. granules in chickens were evaluated by observing the level of AST, ALT, and SOD in serum, the content of GSH-Px and MDA in liver homogenate, and the pathomorphological changes in the liver tissue. Bidens pilosa L. granules, comparing with the model control group, could significantly decrease the levels of AST and ALT in serum, decrease MDA in liver tissue, increase the level of SOD in serum, and increased GSH-Px in liver tissue. Liver histopathology showed that Bidens pilosa L. granules could obviously alleviate the degree of degeneration and necrosis of hepatic tissues. The results indicated that Bidens pilosa L. granules had a significant protective effect on acute liver injury induced by CCl₄.