| The annual cycle variation of persimmon soil and leaf mineral element content are repoted in this study.Membership function,principal component analysis and other statiscal were applied to obtain the appropriate content mineral element in high level production orchard.The investigations were carried out on soil nutrient and fruit qualities,and methods of Canonical Correlation Analysis and linear program were used to screen major soil nutrient elements affecting fruit qualities for solving optimum proposals of nutrient elements for good persimmon qualities,and pointing out the existing problems in soil nutrients in surveyed persimmon orchards.The correlative relationship and path coefficient between mineral elements and fruit quality indicators in persimmon produced in meixiang were studied with the method of canonical correlation and path analysis.The research results were as follows:1.The content of organic matter in orchard fluctuations in the growing season.The nitrogen content of the soil increased rapidly from mid-May to mid-June,the decline after mid-June,the nitrogen content of the soil quickly rebounded in early July,and fell immediately in mid-August.The Phosphorus content declined from hightest content in early growth to the lowest value in mid-sepetember.The Potassium content in the soil fluctuations lowly during the growing season.The variation of content of all varieties in persimmon orchard are in consistent.The content of soil manganese and zinc of all kinds of persimmon reduce fluctuationly.The content of soil manganese varies between 5-15 mg·kg-1,the zinc content changes between 3-5 mg·kg-1.The content of soil copper of all varieties showed a decreasing trend in mid-May to mid-August,and rose again after the mid-August.2.concentration of N and P in the leaves decreased,concentration of K and Fe in the leaves decreased before increasing,concentration of Ca and Mn in the leaves increased in one season,concentration of Mg increased,then reached values which remained constant by end of one season.In the case of Zn and Cu,concentration declined by mid season,then increased towards the end of one season.Correlation analysis showed that Cu has an important role on the balance between regulating elements.Persimmon absorb nitrogen mainly in May to August.Absorption of K is concentrated in May to July for Jirou and Taishuu,in May to August for Ganshu,in May to September for Zenjimaru.Absorption of P is concentrated in the phase after harvest.Ca is required for Persimmon in the reproductive period.Absorption of Mg and Mn is concentrated in May to August for Jirou and Taishuu,concentrated in May to September for Ganshu and Zenjimaru.Prior to August,leaves of Jirou,Ganshu and Zenjimaru may be immature,so a lot of Fe is absorbed.3.The mineral nutrient contents of 'Youhou' persimmon leaf in the range of appropriate:N?1.88-2.20%?,P(2.29-4.19 mg·g-1),K(3.4-11.62 mg·g-1),Ca(21.19-39.78 mg·g-1),Mg(5.15-7.95 mg·g-1),Fe(210.94-361.72 mg·kg-1),Mn(446.05-1177.85 mg·kg-1),Zn(21.67-70.07 mg·kg-1),Cu(0.11-20.89 mg·kg-1).It is a key measure for improving fruit quality to balanced nutrition management according to the demand of persimmon.4.The canonical correlation and regression analysis was used to obtain major soil nutrient element factors affecting fruit mass,fruit mass,fruit firmness,soluble solids,titratable acidity content,soluble tannin and Vc,respectively.The optimum proposals for soil nutrient elements content of good persimmon quality was obtained by linear program resolution were 19.9-32.4 g·kg-1 of organic matter,50-177.32 mg·kg-1,5-30 mg·kg-1,319-600 mg·kg-1,200 mg·kg-1,100-200 mg·kg-1,5 mg·kg-1,9-20 mg·kg-1,0.5-4.3 mg·kg-1 of alkaline-N,available P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn and Cu,respectively.Under this optimum proposal for soil,the target of fruit qualities of 344.4 g mass,20.7 kg·cm-2 firmness,19.9%soluble solids,0.012%titratable acid,0mg·kg-1 soluble tannin and 350 mg·100 g-1 Vc will be achieved theoretically.The results indicate that 100%orchards are deficient in organic matter,and 66.67%,53.3%,66.67%,of the orchards are deficient in elements K,Mg and Mn,respectively.5.Fruit firmness have a positive significant correlation with Ca and Mn.Soluble solids showed a positive significant correlation with K.Titrable acidity are positively correlated with N,negative with P.Soluble tannin showed a negative correlation with K.Vitamin C content of fruit showed a positive significant correlation with K.Path analysis in the measured mineral elements further demonstrated that N had the significant effects on Titrable acidity,the path coefficient are 0.694,maximum negative direct effect of fruit weight,firmness,soluble solid,the direct effects are-0.362,-0.548,-0.515 respectvely.P had the significant effects on fruit mass,the path coefficient is 0.45.K had the significant effects on soluble solid,the path coefficient are 0.918,maximum negative direct effect of fruit Titrable acidity,soluble tannin,the direct effects are-0.723,-0.715 respectvely.Mg had had great direct impact on shape index and soluble tannin maximum,the index are 0.49 and 0.794 respectively.Zn and Mn had a large positive direct effect on the vitamin Content of fruit.It is suggested that adding P,K,Zn and Mn,to control or reduce the amount of N fertilizer can improve fruit quality in the production can improve fruit quality and achieve quality and efficient production of persimmon. |
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