Effects Of Different Substrates And Particle Size Of Microbial Fertilizer On The Growth Of Apple And Nitrogen Utilization

The study was carried out in city of Tai'an Shandong provinc Agricultural University horticultural experiment station from 2015 to 2016,Two-year-old apple trees(M.domestica Borkh.‘Red Fuji')/Malus hupehensis Rehd were used to study the effects of different substrates and particle size of microbial fertilizer on the growth of apple and nitrogen utilization using 15 Ntrace technique.The main results are as follows:1.Two-year-old apple trees(M.domestica Borkh.‘Red Fuji')/Malus hupehensis Rehd were used to study the effects of different amount of biochar(CK,T1,T2,T3 and T4 representing 0,15 g·kg-1,30 g·kg-1,45 g·kg-1,and 60 g·kg-1)on the growth,physical and chemical properties of soil and nitrogen utilization using 15 Ntrace technique.The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter and total dry weight of all the treatments which added biochar were significantly higher than that of CK;The root activity of T2,T3 and T4 was significantly higher than that of T1 and CK treatments,but there was no significant difference between the three treatments;Soil organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and rhizosphere soil bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi were highest in T4 treatment,followed by T3 treatment,the difference was not significant,but were significantly higher than other treatments.Compared with CK,the addition of biochar significantly increased the uptake of fertilizer 15 N,and the 15 N utilization rate of T4 and T3 treatments were 15.88% and 15.63%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of other treatments;The residual rate of soil 15 N was highest in T4(38.16%),then T3,and the lowest was appeared in T1(30.02%);The highest nitrogen loss was in T1(58.54%),the lowest was T4 treatment,and the difference between T4 and T3 was not significant.Considering of plant growth and utilization of nitrogen,the suitable application rate of biochar was 55~64 g·kg-1under this experimental conditions.2.Two-year-old apple trees(M.domestica Borkh.‘Red Fuji')/Malus hupehensis Rehd were used to study the effects of the biomass carbon and different ratio of cow dung(CK,T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5 representing 0,100% cow dung,75% cow dung + 25% biomass carbon,50% cow dung + 50% biomass carbon,25% cow dung + 75% biomass carbon,100% biomass carbon)on the growth,physical and chemical properties of soil and nitrogen utilization using15 Ntrace technique.The results showed that under the condition of different ratio of biomasscarbon and cow dung,the soil nutrient content were increased,soil nitrogen,available nutrient(P,K)and organic matter content in T1 treatment was the highest,followed by T2,but were higher than other treatments;T5 treatment reduced soil bulk density had the best effect,followed by T4,the difference was not significant,but T2 treatment was significantly higher than other treatments;plant root length,root number,root surface area and root activity effect was significantly higher than other treatments,followed by T3;the number of bacteria treated with T2 were significantly higher than other treatments;T2 and T3 between fungi and actinomycetes were not significantly different,but were significantly higher than other treatments;T2,T3 and plant height,stem diameter and dry weight was significantly higher than other treatments,the amount of difference between T2 and T3 among the treatments were all N and 15 N uptake was not significant,but were significantly higher than other treatments;T2 15 N utilization rate reached 16.94%,T5 utilization rate reached 12.40%,the lowest soil residual rate was the highest,T2 was 38.05%,T5 was 30.01%,the lowest residual rate,nitrogen loss and soil residue showed a reverse trend,T2 nitrogen loss rate was 45.01%,up to57.59% T5.Application of biochar and cow manure can increase organic matter,improve soil structure,reduce soil bulk density,optimizing the environment of root growth,increase of beneficial microbes,improve nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency,but the biomass carbon and cow dung two combined effect is good,with 75% cattle manure +25% biomass carbon had the best effect.3.Two-year-old apple trees(M.domestica Borkh.‘Red Fuji')/Malus hupehensis Rehd were used to study the effects of Different size of microbial fertilizer(CK,T1,T2,T3 and T4 representing 0,Powdered fertilizer,Granular fertilizer,50% of the powder form and 50%granulated bacterial fertilizer mix)on the growth,physical and chemical properties of soil and nitrogen utilization using 15 Ntrace technique.The results showed that Different treatments of different particle size of microbial fertilizer,soil nutrient contents were increased effectively,the soil alkali treatment T2 nitrogen and available nutrients(P,K)and organic matter content were significantly higher than other treatments;between the treatments of soil bulk density from high to low is CK > T1 > T3 > T2,T2 the best treatment reduced soil bulk density;T2processing plant rhizosphere soil fungi and actinomycetes were significantly higher than other treatments,T1 treatment plant rhizosphere soil bacteria was significantly higher than other treatments,different particle size differences in microbial fertilizer bacteria and fungi significantly,no significant difference in actinomycetes;T2 processing plant height the stem diameter,and dry weight were significantly higher than other treatments;different treatment affects the absorption of fertilizer 15 N plant N and plant T2 compared to CK,the utilizationrate reached 16.97% 15 N,T3,and T1 difference The difference was not significant,T3 treatment reached 15.65%,T1 treatment reached 15.42%.Application of different microbial fertilizer can increase the particle size of organic matter,improve soil structure,reduce soil bulk density,increase the number of beneficial microorganisms,improve nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency,but the overall effect is better with granular microbial fertilizer.