Study On The Difference Of Nitrogen Use Efficiency And Quality In The Different Wheat Varieties

The experiment was carried out in 2015 to 2016 at the Agricultural Experiment Station of Shandong Agricultural University.The field experiment was conducted at 0,120,180,240 and 300 kg·ha^-1of N levels.Using 21 winter wheat varieties,which were mainly implemented in Shandong Province.Split plot design was used with N levels in the main plots and variety in the sub-plots.The differences in grain yield,NUE,UPE,UTE and wheat quality of different wheat varieties under different nitrogen levels were analyzed.The result as follows: 1 Grain yield difference and response to nitrogen fertilizer in different wheat varietiesAt different nitrogen levels,the grain yield of the tested wheat varieties showed significant difference.Under without nitrogen condition,the coefficient of variation of grain yield was the largest in 21 wheat varieties.With the increase of nitrogen levels,the coefficient of variation of grain yield decreased,and the coefficient of variation was the lowest under the nitrogen input of 300 kg·ha^-1.The effect of nitrogen input on different wheat varieties was significant.But with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level,the grain yield tended to decrease.The average grain yield was the lowest under without nitrogen fertilization condition.When the nitrogen input reached 240 kg·ha^-1,the grain yield reached the maximum.When the nitrogen fertilizer supply reached 300 kg·ha^-1,the average grain yield decreased.The level of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected the spikes per square meter,grains per spike and 1000-grain weight of different wheat varieties.The spikes per square meter and grains per spike of different varieties increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level,and the 1000-grain weight decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level.2 Classification of nitrogen efficiency in wheatThe classification of different varieties was based on the grain yield of wheat varieties under different nitrogen fertilizers.Only eight of the 21 tested varieties had the same classification of grain yield at each nitrogen fertilizer level,and most of the tested varieties varied greatly changed in the grain yield under different nitrogen levels.Under the five nitrogen levels,the grain yield of Linmai 4,Luyuan 502,Taishan 28 and Shannong 25 was higher.This shows that its highly yielding ability is steady relatively.Divided these four varieties into high nitrogen use efficient varieties.Under the five nitrogen levels,the grain yield of Wennong 5,Yannong 19,Ji Mai 20,Gaocheng 8901 were lower.Divided them into low nitrogen use efficient varieties.Because the remaining 13 varieties of grain yield at each level of nitrogen fertilizer is inconsistent,so divided them into middle nitrogen use efficient varieties.Under each level of the nitrogen fertilizer,the proportion of high-yielding varieties in 21 tested varieties offered upgrade firstly than descending latter tendency.The proportion of varieties with high yield of 240 kg·ha^-1 was the highest.3 Differences in nitrogen use efficiency of different wheat varietiesWith the increase of nitrogen fertilizer,the nitrogen use efficiency,nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency of wheat varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies showed a decreasing trend.Under the same nitrogen fertilizer level,the nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of high nitrogen use efficient varieties were significantly higher than those of low nitrogen use efficient varieties.These laws were approximately the same to that the grain yield changes.The nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency of different nitrogen efficiency varieties were not consistent with nitrogen use efficiency under each level of the nitrogen fertilizer,different varieties have different approaches to higher nitrogen use efficiency.In the high nitrogen use efficient varieties,the nitrogen uptake efficiency of Linmai 4 was significantly higher than that of other high nitrogen use efficient varieties at each nitrogen fertilizer level,But its nitrogen utilization efficiency is much lower than other high nitrogen use efficient varieties,even lower than some low nitrogen use efficient varieties.The nitrogen uptake efficiency of Taishan 28 was much lower than that of other high nitrogen use efficient varieties,and even lower than that of some other low nitrogen use efficient varieties,and the nitrogen utilization efficiency was significantly higher than that of Linmai 4 and other high nitrogen use efficient varieties.The nitrogen uptake efficiency and utilization efficiency of Luyuan 502 and Shannong 25 were all higher than those of low nitrogen use efficient varieties,but there was no outstanding performance in high nitrogen use efficient varieties.In the low nitrogen use efficient varieties,the low nitrogen use efficiency of Wennong 5 was mainly due to the low nitrogen uptake efficiency under without nitrogen fertilization condition and the nitrogen input reached 120 kg·ha^-1,The nitrogen use efficiency was low due to the low nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency when the nitrogen input reached 180 kg·ha^-1,240 kg·ha^-1,300 kg·ha^-1.The nitrogen utilization efficiency of Yannong 19,Jimai 20 and Gaocheng 8901 were lower at five nitrogen levels,and Nitrogen utilization efficiency is the main factor to limit the high nitrogen utilization in Yannong 19,Jimai 20 and Gaocheng 8901.4 Differences in grain yield and quality of different strong gluten wheat varieties.Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer can significantly improve the grain yield and protein yield of strong gluten wheat.In the without nitrogen fertilization condition to the nitrogen input reached 240 kg·ha^-1,the grain yield and protein yield could be increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level.Grain yield and protein yield decreased with the nitrogen input reached 300 kg·ha^-1.The coefficient of variation of strong gluten wheat protein yield was significantly higher than that of grain yield.Compared with grain yield,protein production is greatly affected by nitrogen fertilizer.The effect of nitrogen level on the quality indexes of processing is not consistent.Among them,the water absorption rate is the least affected by the amount of nitrogen applied,and the stability is higher.The stability time was greatly affected by the amount of nitrogen applied.In the nitrogen input reached 0 300 kg·ha^-1,the quality indexes improved with the increase of nitrogen application.The water absorption,wet gluten,sedimentation volume and loaf volume increased with the increase of nitrogen application,and reached the maximum under the nitrogen input reached 300 kg·ha^-1.Development time,stability time and loaf score showed the trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and reached the maximum under the nitrogen input reached 240 kg·ha^-1,but when the nitrogen input reached 300 kg·ha^-1 is not conducive to the improvement of bread baking quality.The results showed that the water absorption,development time,stability time,sedimentation volume and wet gluten content of different varieties were different.The water absorption and wet gluten content of Zhouyuan 9369 were low,and the two indexes of Gaocheng 8901 were the highest,but the average loaf score of Zhouyuan 9369 and Gaocheng 8901 is close to each other,and in the tested varieties are living in a higher level.Zhouyuan 9369 showed high grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency under the nitrogen input reached 180 kg·ha^-1,240 kg·ha^-1 and 300kg·ha^-1,and had a longer development time,stability time,larger loaf volume and higher loaf score.