Effect Of Period Rotation On Water Storage, Yield And Quality

Based on the long period researches and experiments of dryland wheat cultivation technology of improve soil moisture conditions in Shanxi Wenxi Base,field experiments was carried out to study the effect of different rotational tillage patterns on water storage of the 0-300 cm, wheat nitrogen uptake and utilization, yield and its constritution, grain protein and its component contents, the main results are as follows:(1) Compared to the rotational tillage patterns of NT-NT(No tillage in both years) or DT-DT(deep tillage in both years), pattern of SS-DT (Subsoiling in the first year, and deep tillage in the next year) or SS-SS(Subsoiling in both years) can increase water storage of the 0-300 cm before sowing, and pattern of SS-DT had better effect. With the development of wheat, soil moisture of the 0-300 cm at each growing stages decreased, and lowest in maturity stage. Organic fertilizer patterns improved soil moisture conditions of the 0-300 cm at each growing stages. Compared to the patterns of NT-NT or DT-DT, patterns of SS-DT or SS-SS increased water storage of the 0-300 cm from turn-greening to anthesis stage under organic fertilizer patterns, and pattern of SS-DT had better effect, SS-DT or SS-SS also decreased water storage of the 0-300 cm at maturity stage. Compared to the patterns of NT-NT or DT-DT, patterns of SS-DT or SS-SS significantly increased water storage of the 0-300 cm from winter stage to booting stage under no-organic fertilizer patterns, but decreased water storage of the 0-300 cm at anthesis stage and maturity stage. Patterns of NT-NT,DT-DT,SS-DT and SS-SS can all increase the water consumption of growing stages,and SS-DT and SS-SS can increase the water use efficiency.(2)Both plant height and dry biomass showed a rising tendency with the proceeding of wheat growing, and highest in maturity stage, leaf area first increased and then decreased and reached the peak value at elongation stage. Patterns of SS-SS, SS-DT, DT-DT.NT-NT can all significantly increase plant height, leaf area and dry biomass at each growing stages, and pattern of SS-DT had better effect.(3) With the development of wheat, nitrogen rate first increased and then decreased and reached the peak value at elongation stage. Nitrogen accumulation amount showed a rising tendency, and highest in maturity stage. Nitrogen accumulation amount and its ratio highest during elongation stage to anthesis stage. Patterns of SS-SS, SS-DT, DT-DT,NT-NT in leisure period can increase nitrogen accumulation amount and N uptake efficiency,but decrease nitrogen use efficiency. In different rotational tillage patterns of dryland wheat the contribution rate of NABA was all higher than the contribution rate of NAAA.(4)Compared to the patterns of NT-NT, patterns of SS-DT,SS-SS and DT-DT increased content of nitrate-nitrogen at the depth of 0-300 cm at sowing stage, especially at the depth of 0-140 cm. patterns of SS-DT or SS-SS also increased content of nitrate-nitrogen at the depth of 0-80 cm at maturity stage, but decreased at the depth of 140-260 cm. In addition, organic fertilizer patterns improved content of nitrate-nitrogen of the 0-300 cm at maturity stage.(5)Patterns of SS-SS, SS-DT, DT-DT,NT-NT in leisure period can increase grain protein and its component contents. Compared to the patterns of NT-NT or DT-DT, patterns of SS-DT or SS-SS significantly increased grain protein and its component contents, and pattern of SS-DT had better effect. Grain protein first decreased and then increased,reached the minimum at 15 DAA and peak value at 35 DAA with the process of grain filling. During grain filling pattern of SS-DT had highest amount of grain protein, and reach minimum with the pattern of NT-NT except the 20 DAA. Albumin declined with the process of grain filling, Globulin reached minimum at 15 DAA as a "S" curve with the process of grain filling, grain protein, Glutenin and Gliadin increased with the process of grain filling. Compared to the patterns of NT-NT or DT-DT, patterns of SS-DT or SS-SS significantly increased amount of Albumin, Globulin, Gliadin and Glutenin.