| Under traditional grazing conditions,the kids of Shan Bei White Cashmere goats weaned in about four months.This traditional weaning mode not only affects the recovery of ewes,but also severely affects the ewes to enter the next breeding cycle.It also affects the growth of kids.Efficient breeding systems require the kid to be weaned early to shorten the ewes breeding interval.The development of kid’s digestive tract by artificial cultivation is the goal of rapid weight gain.In this context,we urgently need to explore the kid breeding program that is associated with the system..This experiment was divided into three parts: pretest group,formal trial group and large group.The first part of study was based on 60 kids of Shan Bei White cashmere goats with homogeneity and similar birth time,born at 2.88±0.52 kg.They were randomly divided into four groups(test group A,B,C,and control group D),15 in each group.The study was conducted in three different breeding programs for two months.The aim is to select the reasonable breeding programs of the kids of Shan Bei White cashmere goats.The second part of the formal experiment was 27 kids with homogeneity and similar birth time,which were randomly divided into 3 groups,test groupⅠ,Ⅱand control groupⅢ,9 in each group,and among four were twins.The study was conducted in two different breeding programs for two months and was to research the effects of two breeding programs on the growth,the blood biochemical index,the value of volatile fatty acids in rumen stomach and the development of various parts of the small intestine in kids.The aim is to establish a suitable breeding program for the production practice.The third part of the experiment was a test of a breeding program that was screened in formal trials.In practice in order to validate the results of the formal tests.1 In Preliminary test,test group A(at 7d fed milk powder),test group B(at 15 d fed pellet feed),test group C(at 7d fed milk powder and at 15 d fed pellet feed),control group D(natural breastfeeding).The results showed that the weight of kids in group B and group C at 60 d was 13.52 kg(gain ratio 4.98)and 15.26 kg(4.99)respectively,which were all higher than the test group A(12.26 kg,4.01)and significantly higher than the control group D(9.68 kg,3.6).Combined with the standard which was commonly used for weaning of the kids of Shan Bei White cashmere goats(12 kg)in practice and the purpose of kid cultivation in an efficient breeding technology system,our test chose that the weight of kids was more than four times its initial weight as the weaning standard.According to this criterion,the results of three breeding programs in experimental group showed that it can be reached that kids weaned at 60 d,and there were some kids in group B and C reached this weight standard at 45 d.2 Based on the pre-test,we selected the program of B and C group to reduce the labor cost in kid cultivation,and chose pellet feed.At formal test,the test results for test groupⅠ(at 7d fed pellet feed),test group Ⅱ(at 15 d fed pellet feed),control group Ⅲ(natural breastfeeding):(1)Formal testing of kid growth performance indicators: the average weight of 30 d kid to 60 d kid in test groupⅠ(13.95 kg)and test groupⅡ(13.18 kg)were significantly higher than the control group control groupⅢ(10.8 kg).The difference between the two groups was not significant.The kid grew the most in the 40-50 d phase of the kid,test groupⅠ(222.22 g/d)and test groupⅡ(209.44 g/d)were significantly higher than the control group Ⅲ(113.00 g/d).As the kids grow,all groups of body length,body height,chest circumference,chest depth and chest width were all presented as ascending trends.The body index value of test groupⅠ was higher than other groups,however,each index of test group Ⅱwas slightly lower than test groupⅠ and there were no significant difference between these group.Both breeding programs significantly improved the growth performance of the kid.The growth performance of kids was not significantly affected by the development of two schemes.(2)Formal test of kid blood biochemical index: the whole period,each of the three groups of kid’s blood and biochemical indicators were within normal range.The kids of test groupⅠ,test groupⅡ and control groupⅢ,the total protein content were maintained at a stable level.There was no significant difference between the two groups.There was no significant difference compared to the control group.The changes in plasma glucose concentration in each group of kids were generally consistent,both in decline and then flattening.But test groupⅠ and test groupⅡ,those groups slowed down this decline.The kids of the test groupⅠ,test groupⅡ and control groupⅢ,the changes in plasma cholesterol in kid were basically the same,all show the tendency to lower after the first increase.At 20 d,the value of triglycerides of test groupⅡ has significant between control groupⅢ.At 30 d,test groupⅠ significantly lower than the control group Ⅲ.The difference between the concentrations of triglycerides in plasma was not significant.The value of plasma urea in kids of test groupⅠ,test group Ⅱand control group Ⅲwere decreases with age and tends to stabilize.Each day of test group Ⅰand test group Ⅱvalues of serum urea nitrogen were slightly higher than the control groupⅢ.(3)At formal test of the kid’s rumen VFA: the acetic acid concentration of test groupⅠ(23.1 %)and test groupⅡ(28.95 %)were significantly lower than that of control group(32.44 %),and the propionic acid concentration(test groupⅠ37.86 %,test groupⅡ40.53 %)was significantly higher than control group Ⅲ(33.89 %).The concentration of butyric acid of test groupⅠ(31.61 %)was the most.The concentration of isobutyric acid and valeric acid in each group were not significant.The concentration of total volatile fatty acids: test groupⅠ(21.2 mmol/L)>test groupⅡ(19.12 mmol/L)>control groupⅢ(18.81 mmol/L).It reveals that the rumination performance of test group Ⅰand test group Ⅱwere higher than that of the control group..(4)The value of microvilli index of formal test of kids: the length of duodenum villi of the test groupⅠ(433.48 μm)and the test group Ⅱ(436.48 μm)was significantly greater than the control groupⅢ(370.21 μm).The length of jejunum villi of the test groupⅠ(445.96 μm)and the test group Ⅱ(443.33 μm)was significantly greater than the control groupⅢ(315.00 μm).The length of ileum villi of the test groupⅠ(426.03 μm)and the test group Ⅱ(400.34 μm)was significantly greater than the control groupⅢ(360.71 μm).The crypt depth of the duodenum of the control groupⅢ(129.23 μm)was significantly greater than the test groupⅠ(100.39 μm);the crypt depth of the jejunum of the control groupⅢ(117 μm)was significantly greater than the test group Ⅱ(88.52 μm).The crypt depth of the ileum of the control groupⅢ(132.64 μm)was significantly greater than the test groupⅠ(96.75 μm)and test groupⅡ(90.45 μm).The crypt depth of each section of the intestinal tract of test group and Ⅰtest group Ⅱhad no significant difference.The V/C value of duodenum: test groupⅠ>test groupⅡ>control groupⅢ.The V/C value of jejunum: test groupⅡ>test groupⅠ>control groupⅢ.The V/C value of ileum: test groupⅡ>test groupⅠ>control groupⅢ.The V/C value of each section of the intestinal tract in test groupⅠand test groupⅡhad not significant difference.It is suggested that the breeding of kids can promote the development of kid’s intestinal form compared with the control group.And the effects of two different breeding programs on the kid’s small intestine were not very different.3 Large group application validation test results the 30 kids of the large group test were similar to the results of a formal trial,and slightly higher than the test groupⅡ.The daily weight gain of kids was largely consistent with the test groupⅡ’s results.The daily weight gain of kids was largely consistent with the test group’s results.The large group experiment proves that kid breeding program is in accordance with the actual requirements of large group production,and it is better to cultivate the result.Multiplying the results of pretest,formal trial and large group application verification,the cultivation scheme corresponding to the test group II that kids were eating pellet at 15~20 d,the program is in accordance with the actual production requirements of the Shanbei area and the advantage is the low cost of cultivating,the simple feeding procedure,and the good results. |
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