Researchon Gi Development And Rumen Microbiome From 0 To 56-day-old At Cashmere Goat

Gastrointestinal flora plays an important role in the health and function of mammalian hosts,while the feed nutrients was utilized and generated volatile fatty acids and microbial proteins in ruminant rumen microbial systems,which are hot studied in the field of ruminant nutrition.In recent years,the use of macro genomics for ruminant gastrointestinal study found that: the primary microbial community of newbron lamb rumen mainly composed of aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms,the structure and composition of rumen microbes have greatly changed with age.In addition,the scientists found methanogens and fibrin species in the rumen of calves less than 20 minutes after their birth.Summary of previous studies,many studies have focused on the microorganism changes at the newborn to adult stage,only a few studies have focused on changes in the structure of early gastrointestinal flora after birth.In view of this,this study focused on the critical eight weeks age of before the lambs weaning,we used HE staining and 16 SrRNA high-throughput sequencing method from the anatomical characteristics,histological changes and rumen microbial flora to research that gastrointestinal total weight,relative net weight,volume,length and microbial flora before weaning of 0 to 56 days old lambs.The main results of this study are as follows:The results show that other relative weight of the stomach room except abomasum,is in rapid growth.Growth is relatively high after 7 days of age.At 56 days of age,rumen net weight of the whole stomach contains up to 52.53% from 29.34 %,reticulum from 11.83% to 14.77%,omasum rose from 6.54% to 9.34%,and abomasum net weight proportion fell to 52.29% from 23.36%.Each part of the small intestine weight keeps growing,duodenal net weight percentage in 0 56 days of age remain at around 3.5%,throughout the jejunum net weight percentage in all stages remain at around 90%,only the ileum,before the age of 14,remain at around 1%,and after 14 days of age remain at around 5%.Each part of the large intestine whole weight increases rapidly,caecum increases from 5.29 g of 0-day age to 43.31 g of 56 days of age,the colon from 11.67 g to 200.45 g,rectum from 3.03 g to 53.02 g,the early stage of the growth is slow,starting from the age of 28,all parts weight of the large intestine gained rapidly.,the differences between data is significant（P < 0.05）.In summary: the lambs from the birth to the 56-day-old growth process,the rumen,small intestine and large intestine developed rapidly,from the quality,volume changes,are reflected before the weaning period of management and nutrition for the future of the lamb of the growth status and production performance and large impact.The results show that: from day 0 to day 56,rumen pH fluctuated at a range of 5.35 6.28,and abomasum pH value ranged 3.29 4.39.The papilla height of the dorsal sac rumen gradually increased with the lamb growth,the indicators of reticulum morphological presented a trend of gradual increase with the lamb growth.The duodenum villus height differed in 0,3,7,14,28 and 56 days（P< 0.05）;ileal crypt depth also presented a significant difference in 0,3,14,42 and 56 days（P< 0.05）;Jejunum villus height differed only in 0,14 and 56 days（P< 0.05）.In summary: 28 days of age are the stomach,small intestine segments,large intestine tissue morphological development of the critical period,28 days after the index level is almost close to 56 days of age,it can be predicted that the use of milk on behalf of the milk or nutrient-rich open food can achieve 28 days of weaning.The rumen bacterial colonization process was studied in the goats from 0 to 56 days of age,the study found that the predominant bacterial communities were mainly Bactericide,Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the rumen.The proportion of Ascomycota is highest before 14 days of ages,after 14 days of age,Neocallimastigomycota gradually become the main dominant fungal.The study of used the PICRUSt to predict bacteria functional found that the most abundant functional categories were those corresponding to the functions of Amino acid transport and metabolism,General function prediction only,Transcription,Carbohydrate transport and metabolism.We studied the ruminal microbial community structure and function prediction of 0-day-old not breastfeeding goats,which were found that the number of Bacillus reached 55.5%,with the intake of breast milk,a significant reduction in the number of Bacillus,which is enhanced with the immune function of the lamb.The proportion of Bacteroides,P-orphyromonas,Ruminococcaceae_unclassified,Bibersteinia,Fusobacterium in 3 days of age,7 days of age and 14 days of age was higher,from 21 days of age,the proportion is very low.In addition,the proportion increased from 28 days of age of Fibrobacter,Bacteroidales_S24-7_group_norank,Ruminococcus_Selenomonas₁,Ruminococcus₁,Prevotella₁,Prevotellaceae_UCG-003,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,from the cluster found that these florae take part in the digestion of cellulose.Another 28 days after the basic began to stabilize the flora.The rumen fungal colonization process was studied in the goats from 0 to 56 days of age,before 14 days of age,the Ascomycota was the main dominant flora,the proportion was higher,after 14 days of age,Neocallimastigomycota gradually became the main advantage of fungal flora.At the level of Aspergillus,the proportion of Aspergillus reached 47% at D00,after 3 days of age,the proportion gradually decreased to 14 days after the proportion of its close to 0.The proportion of Caecomyces,Lasiosphaeriaceae_unidentified,Microascaceae_Unidentified were higher at the age（D14,D21,D28）of days,after 28 days of age,the proportion is very low.In addition,the proportion of Alternaria,Davidiella,Cladosporium,CryptococcusSelenomonas₁ basically remain unchanged from 0 days of age.The proportion of Neocallimastigaceae_unclassified began to gradually increase from 21 days of age.The proportion of Orpinomyces after the 28-day old.May participate in crude fiber digestion and metabolism.