Evolution Of Agronomic And Quality Traits Of Elite Parent Vaierty Of Winter Wheat Cultivars Released In Huanghuai Wheat Area

As one of the world's three major cereals,wheat is widely cultivated in the world because of its high-yielding cultivation characteristics and unique quality characteristics.As the most important food crop in northern China,wheat is facing problems including the decline of planting area,the effect of agricultural promotion is not obvious,the quality is not high,the comparative income is low.The elite parent vaierty themselves have a combination of excellent traits,but also a strong combination of force,that is easy to breed with other materials to breed high quality varieties.In order to develop production potential of wheat,the genetic basis of elite parent vaierty has become an important part of the evaluation of crop quality level,which means much for crop breeding.As a result,we need to analyze and test the agronomic traits and quality traits of elite parent vaierty in Huanghuai wheat area,find the rules and master the genetic relationship and characteristics of elite parent vaierty,and and provide the theory and technology for of wheat quality breeding and variety utilization for Huanghuai wheat area of China.This is of practical significance to guide the selection of traits in wheat breeding.In this paper,we selected 56 elite parent vaierty varieties with excellent traits in Huanghuai wheat area in recent years.The data of agronomic traits and quality traits were collected at different stages of wheat after sowing,and the main results were as follows:1.In elite parent vaierty of winter wheat cultivars released in Huanghuai wheat area,the number of spike has the highest coefficient of variation.Fertille tiller is stable.Fertile tiller of Xinong 2208 gets the highest 70.16%?The number of spike per unit area of Laizhou 137 is 501300 per mu,which is the highest.Kernel weight keep grouthing steadly.Early elite parent vaierty,such Xiaoyan 22,has a lower kernel weight.Late varieties,such as AK58,Zhoumai 18,Yanzhan 4110 are more than 45 on average.Zhengmai 336-2 even up to 53.01 g.Plant height between 75-80 cm has the highest yield of wheat.2.The analysis of the yield and agronomic traits showed that the change of the number of spike per unit area in elite parent vaierty was the biggest difference.In recent years,elite parent vaierty of winter wheat and its derived cultivars in Huanghuai wheat area were relatively stable and the grain weight was stable.The spike rate was decreased,but the growth rate of the largest tiller was significant.The result is steady growth in production.The breeding space of elite parent vaierty of winter wheat in Huanghuai wheat area is relatively large.New elite parent vaierty should aim at increasing the grain weight.At the same time,we should pay attention not to reduce the spike rate.3.Analysis of the evolution of quality traits,the coefficient of variation of test weight is 0.82%,which is the most stable.Now there are high quality resources among elite parent vaiertys.Protein content of Gaocheng 8901 is 15.02%,stability time of Zhoumai 18 is 9.8min,Zeleny sedimentation volume of Wanmai 19 is 57.73 m L.The overall level of quality is low.Of the 56 test materials,only ph822-2 and Xiaoyan 6 meet the quality requirements of special gluten wheat varieties.4.At present most elite parent vaierty and their derivatives have only a single fine traits.Hardly to comprehensive quality.Wet gluten content of Jinhe 9123 up to 33.70%,but stability time is only 1.5min,Max resistance to resistance is less than 100 E.U.(92E.U.).Stretch area is only 16 cm2.Now there are varieties of quality traits of good quality in elite parent vaiertys,such Xinmai 26,Xinong 509.5.The correlation analyswas of agronomic traits and quality traits showed that there was a positive correlation between yield three factors grain yield,and there was a gignificant negative correlation between the number of spike per area and spike length,max tiller number,fertile tiller.There was a significant positive correlation between absorption of seed and starch content.Starch content was negatively correlated with protein content.Negative correlation also showed between stability time and wet gluten content.There was a correlation between quality and grain yield,and grain yield also showed a positive correlation with starch content,absorption fo seed and yield.6.The agronomic and quality traits of winter wheat elite parent vaiertys in Huanghuai wheat area gradually lost the good traits when they were approved with the change of years.At present,some materials have obvious shortcomings.In yield three factors,to enhance the kernel weight,stable panicle per unit area is the key.While achieving high yield,quality is also an important part of the current wheat breeding.At present,most of derived varieties of elite parent vaiertys in Huanghuai wheat area have only a single excellent traits,can not be fully promoted.Although there are all aspects of quality traits are more excellent varieties,due to the small variety and low utilization rate,Quality of their derived varieties is not ideal.The indicators are not coordinated,not suitable ofr food processing.This study suggests that the elite parent vaierty need to be replaced,high yield and quality can be synergistically enhanced.