Molecular And Cytogenetic Studies On Derivatives Of Common Wheat-aegilops

Wh,eat?Tritic,um aest,ivun L.2n = 6x = 42,AABBDD?is on,e of the m,ost im,portant cro,ps in th,e world,its produ,ction has gre,at signifi,cance fo,r na,tional stab,ility,econ,omic develo,pment and the impro,vement of peo,ple's livi,ng stan,dard.But the nar,row gen,etic ba,se of Long-te,rm ar,tificial select,ion lim,ited the devel,opment of whe,at bree,ding.Acco,rding to prac,tice,us,ing techn,ology of hybrid,ization breedi,ng can import the excel,lent gen,es of the relat,ed spec,ies of w,heat into the com,mon whe,at to impr,ove yie,ld an,d resis,tance of wh,eat varie,ties,th,e prom,otion of whe,at producti,on,and broa,den the ba,sis of wheat bree,ding.Aegi,lops ge,niculata Roth?2n = 4x =28,UUMM?is an imp,ortant tetrap,loid spe,cies in Aegi,lops L.and a u,seful gene,tic resour,ce for wh,eat bre,eding be,cause of the str,ess to lerance and disease re,sist,ance of this spec,ies.Aegil,ops ge,niculata can be eas,ily hybrid,ized with whe,at,so it has became one of the most importa,nt spec,ies used for whe,at gen,etic imp,rovement.We characterized the pro,geny of the cr,oss comm,on wheat /Ae.gen,iculata SY159//common wheat by morphol,ogical and cytog,enetic iden,tification,anal,ysis of func,tional m,olecular markers?EST,PLUG?,geno,mic in situ hyb,ridization?GISH?,fluor,escence in situ hybridization?FISH?,and dise,ase resist,ance evalu,ation,and the res,ults are as followin,gs:1.Study on morpho,logical and cytogen,etics of F₁ hybrids bet,ween Tritic,um aesti,vum and Aegil,ops speciesThe res,ults showe,d that the gro,wth poten,tiality of hy,brid F₁ was much stron,ger,the pl,ant type of F₁ ten,ded to mat,ernal par,ent,the wh,eatear was ea,sy to br,oken off in the ma,ture peri,od,the sh,ell was solid,the pollen fertility was 1.26%³.54%,the backcross seed rat,e was 2.08%⁵.26%,only com,mon wheat/Ae.geniculata has cross-compa,tibility,but th,e highest sett,ing percent,age was only 0.25%.Th,e cro,ss-com,patibility are po,or bet,ween the co,mmon wh,eat and tw,o Ae,gilops sp,ecies,and the compat,ibility wa,s contro,lled by the Aeg,ilops genem,ainly.All F₁ pla,nts showe,d h,igh res,istance to mix,ture stri,pe ru,st ra,ce,wh,ich ha,s importa,nt signi,ficance fo,r enr,ich dis,ease resi,stance ge,ne reso,urces of wh,eat.2.Molec,ular and cytog,enetic identifi,cation of whea,t-Ae.genicu,late pro,geny NA09,74-1-1-2-1-6-1?1?The resu,lts of agr,onomic perform,ance show,ed that NA0974-1-1-2-1-6-1 was no signi,ficant diffe,rences wit,h CS in til,ers,ker,nel num,ber p,er spi,kelet,pl,ant heig,ht and sp,ike len,gth.Ther,e wer,e obvi,ous dif,ferences betw,een NA0974-1-1-2-1-6-1 an,d CS in spik,elet num,ber per spi,ke.NA0974-1-1-2-1-6-1 was also no signif,icant differ,ences wi,th Ae.genic,ulate in ke,rnel numb,er per sp,ikelet.Th,ere were obvious differences between NA0974-1-1,-2-1-6-1 and Ae.gen,iculate in tilers,spik,elet num,ber pe,r sp,ike,pla,nt heig,ht and sp,ike len,gth.Th,e dise,ase resis,tance to po,wdery mi,ldew indi,cated th,at CS was hig,h sensi,tive to pow,dery mild,ew,Ae.gen,iculate was hi,gh resis,tance to pow,dery mi,ldew,NA0974-1-1-2-1-6-1 wa,s hig,h sen,sitive to pow,dery mi,ldew.?2?The resu,lts of cytol,ogical observa,tions sugges,ted that NA097,4-1-1-2-1-6-1 contvained 44 chrom,osomes and form,ed 22 biv,alents at me,iotic metap,hase I.The GISH investi,gations sho,wed that thve line contain,ed 42 wheat chromo,somes and a pa,ir of Ae.gen,iculata chromos,omes.EST-STS m,ultiple loci mark,ers and PL,UG?PCR-ba,sed Land,mark Un,ique Gen,e?mar,kers conf,irmed that the intro,duced Ae.gen,iculata chro,mosomes belo,nged to hom,oeologous gro,up 3.FISH identif,ication sug,gested that NA0974-1-1-2-1-6-1 was add,ed a pair of 3M chromosome because it had the same sign,al with TA7657?CS-AEG,EN DA 3M?.3.Molecular and cytogenetic identification of wheat-Ae.geniculate progeny NA0973-2-4-2-3-1-1?1?The res,ults of agrono,mic perfo,rmance show,ed that NA0973-2-4-2-3-1-1 was no signifi,cant differ,ences with CS in ker,nel numb,er per spi,kelet and spi,ke length.Ther,e were obv,ious differe,nces bet,ween NA0973-2-4-2-3,-1-1 and CS in til,ers,plan,t heig,ht and spik,elet num,ber per sp,ike.NA0973-2-4-2-3-1-1 w,as also no sign,ificant differe,nces wi,th Ae.gen,iculate in ker,nel numb,er per spi,kelet.The,re were obvious differences betwe,en NA097,3-2-4-2-3-1-1 and Ae.gen,iculate in tile,rs,spik,elet num,ber per sp,ike,plant he,ight an,d spi,ke len,gth.The dis,ease resis,tance to powde,ry mil,dew ind,icated that CS wa,s high sensi,tive to pow,dery milde,w,Ae.genic,ulate was hi,gh resista,nce to powd,ery milde,w,NA0973-2-4-2-3-1-1 was hi,gh resis,tance to po,wdery mil,dew,the powd,ery mil,dew resistan,ce of NA0973-2-4-2-3-1-1 proba,bly orig,inated from its pa,rent Ae.ge,niculata SY159.?2?The res,ults of cyto,logical obse,rvations sugges,ted that NA0973-2-4-2-3-1-1 cont,ained 44 chro,mosomes and for,med 22 bival,ents at mei,otic metap,hase I.The GISH investigati,ons showe,d that the li,ne contain,ed 40 wheat chrom,osomes and two pai,rs of Ae.genic,ulata chromos,omes.EST-STS multi,ple loci mar,kers and PLUG?PCR-bas,ed Landm,ark Uniq,ue Gen,e?ma,rkers con,firmed that the intro,duced Ae.gen,iculata chrom,osomes belo,nged to homo,eologous grou,ps 2 and 6.FISH iden,tification sugge,sted that NA0973-2-4-2-3-1-1 was de,leted a p,air of 3B chro,mosomes,the 1A,3A chrom,osomes structu,re had variat,ion.NA0973-2-4-2-3-1-1 add,ed a pair of 2M chrom,osomes beca,use it had the same sig,nal with TA7661?CS-AEGEN DA 2M?,but the other pa,ir of chromo,somes can't determine bel,ong to which pairs of chro,mosomes for Ae.genicu,lata,sp,eculated that is 6U chrom,osomes.