| The number of agricultural wastes of agricultural production in China is huge,improper disposal of agricultural waste will not only bring serious environmental pollution caused great waste of resources.How to effectively use agricultural waste recycling agriculture development is gradually widespread concern of the whole society.Study on the conventional high temperature composting has been deeply and widely used in the part of the plant or area;but because conventional compost for composting,composting and composting temperature requirements after the stacking property is not stable enough and other reasons that the application area of conventional stack mast blocked.Verrmicomposting is the use of feeding earthworms strong,digestion absorptive organic wastes and a production of bio organic fertilizer "earthworm fertilizer" the more environmental protection and safety,has received widespread attention of researchers and farmers in recent years.In the application of agricultural production in the earthworm reactor The effect of fertilizer on the yield,quality and soil quality of vegetables has been widely recognized and highly valued.Through the study of cow dung,mushroom residue and tea residue by different proportion differences in chemical traits and microbiology traits in conventional composting and vermicomposting,analyzed the dynamic changes of heavy metal content and material nematode community,selected more representative indexes and the stability of the system effects of conventional and earthworm composting were comparison of pile.Added functional probiotics in the field application of earthworm fertilizer,to explore the earthworm fertilizer and probiotics fertilizers on soil properties,affected the yield and quality of vegetables,in addition,in tomato season study the change of soil nematode community application of earthworm fertilizer and probiotics.Hope that more systematic and comprehensive study of earthworm fertilizer application of probiotics on soil biological and non biological properties,the positive effect of yield and quality of vegetables.The main results were as follows:1.Waste composting experiment based on analysis from the chemical properties,earthworm compost material to reduce the rate of between 15.58%?26.51%,nutrient concentration.The nutrient content of compost obtained different composting methods and materials after composting,compared with conventional composting and vermicomposting total organic carbon content increased,total phosphorus,total potassium content decreased,which the total phosphorus content of pure cow dung conventional compost was 0.9%,the total potassium content of 0.54%were significantly higher than those of the other treatments.The earthworm compost nitrate content was significantly higher than that of conventional compost,cow dung to tea vermicomposting is highest,up to 3425 mg kg-1;conventional compost ammonium nitrogen content is relatively high,pure cow dung conventional compost is highest,up to 971 mg kg-1;earthworm compost significantly reduced NH4+/NO3-,the earthworm composting were below 0.1;the content of available phosphorus in pure cow manure vermicompost highest,cow dung conventional compost of mushroom residue available potassium content was the highest.Vermicomposting DOC and DON content compared to the conventional compost decreased,but vermicomposting(cow dung mushroom residue except)DOC/DON decreased,in about 7.5.And conventional compost compared,earthworrm composting material of Cu decreased,and compared different matrix in earthworm weight metal content can found in cow dung and dung mushroom residue of earthworm body Cr,Cu,Zn content was significantly higher than that of cow dung tea in earthworm body content and the earthworm processed material of cellulose and lignin content compared to conventional compost decreased.2.Waste composting experiment based on the analysis from the biological properties,compared to conventional composting vermicomposting significantly increased basal respiration(BR).The strength can be found by dynamic sampling in the composting process and the number of nematode trophic groups,vermicomposting inhibited nematode quantity growth,the end of composting nematode quantity tends to be stable,to the number of nematodes most cow dung tea and up to 856 g-1 dry sample;while the number of nematodes left after high temperature stage conventional composting is few,the number of cattle manure tea conventional compost nematode most,up to 170 g-1 dry sample;earthworm compost nematode communities were bacterial feeding nematodes,the bacterial feeding nematodes accounted for more than 90%.To compost the end,the earthworm composting earthworm fertilizer compared to conventional composting with rich biodiversity and healthy communities.3.Vermicompost combined application of probiotics on tomato yield,it is found that the effect of soil nutrients,quality and growth season in tomato,and chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer combined with probiotics compared with vermicompost fertilizer probiotics not only improves the yield of tomato(VC+BA highest yield of 25675 kg·ha-1),also increased the soluble sugar and protein in tomato the content of vitamin C and sugar acid ratio,reduce the content of organic acid and nitrate nitrogen,nitrate content and soil pH value is also improved,there was no significant difference between the effects of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on tomato quality,Bacillus megaterium and fertilizer of soil available phosphorus content increased significantly,while the starch Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and earthworm fertilizer on soil available potassium content increased significantly.4.Study on earthworm fertilizer and probiotics interaction on tomato soil nematode community found in tomato growing season,earthworm manure and fertilizer compared with probiotics chemical fertilizer and fertilizer probiotics significantly increased total number of soil nematodes(VC+BM the number of nematode up to 472 100g-1 dry soil),and single application of chemical fertilizer and single application of earthworm manure improve the herbivores nematodes Pratylenchus abundance(CF 36.7%,VC 48.8%),earthworm manure and fertilizer to increase food probiotic bacteria and fungal feeding nematodes proportion of phytophagous nematodes can restrain effectively.Earthworm fertilizer probiotics on Wasilewska index(WI),ratio of fungivorous to bacterivorous nematodes(F/B)and plant-parasitic index(PPI)can have a positive impact.5.Earthworm fertilizer and probiotics interaction on spinach yield,quality and soil properties of the study found:in the stubble after spinach season,earthworm manure and probiotics with application compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer application of probiotics could not only improve the yield and quality of spinach(improve the spinach soluble sugar,protein and vitamin C content,reducing the content of nitrate nitrogen)also increased the sucrose enzyme,urease,protease and catalase activity,on soil biological properties have a positive impact.Comprehensive comparison of two kinds of probiotics and vermicompost with effects,vermicompost with applied solution of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on soil properties improvement and vegetable yield and quality improving effect was best.To sum up,from the compost end material,chemical,and biological properties and vermicomposting in maturity degree more high,biological communities are more abundant in organic fertilizer to significantly superior to conventional compost and earthworm composting of cow dung tea is superior to that of cow dung and dung mushroom residue.Earthworm fertilizer and beneficial gives birth to bacterium with application for tomato,spinach and soil properties plays a positive effect.Therefore,this study can not only in the implementation of circular agriculture can make soil ecosystem health for future agricultural waste,utilization and ensure green vegetables of high yield and quality,in theory and practice provides the basis. |
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