Research On Risk Assessment Of Soil And Water Loss In Qingdao Based On RS And GIS

As a long-term and arduous problem,soil erosion has been interfering with the people's life and production,and has become a major problem in the world.China is also plagued by soil and water loss,soil and water loss in China's social economy has suffered huge losses,the people's normal life has been seriously affected.Qingdao city is located in the northern mountainous area,located throughout eastern Shandong hilly area,affected by the East Asian monsoon rainfall,soil erosion risk degree is higher,the risk degree of soil erosion in Qingdao City,puts forward the measures and Countermeasures of preventing soil erosion,is of great significance for conservation of soil and water in Qingdao city.The assessment of soil and water loss risk is based on the present situation of soil and water loss,and forecast the degree and trend of soil erosion in the future.In this paper,based on RS and GIS technology,Rainfall Erosivity Factor,soil erodibility factor,slope length factor,vegetation cover and management factor,soil and water conservation measures are analyzed.By the above factors,the universal soil loss equation(USLE)modulus of soil erosion in Qingdao city was calculated,based on the "northern Rocky Mountain comprehensive soil erosion control technology standard"(SL665-2014)the modulus of soil erosion classification,the soil erosion in Qingdao city are divided into micro erosion,mild erosion,moderate erosion and strong erosion very strong erosion and severe erosion,and from different scales on the status of soil erosion in Qingdao city are analyzed.The soil erosion modulus and soil bulk density data,the soil thickness data,using corrosion life method to calculate soil erosion in Qingdao city life,according to "soil erosion risk classification standard(SL718-2015)" degree of classification analysis of the risk of soil erosion in Qingdao City,Qingdao City Soil and water loss risk degree is divided into micro mild,moderate and severe degree,and extreme.Based on the calculation formula of the potential danger index of soil erosion,the risk index of soil and water loss in Qingdao was calculated by using the land area with different risk grades.The average soil erosion modulus of Qingdao is 335.37t/km2.a,and the annual erosion amount is 4 million 13 thousand tons.Mild erosion area 945.30km2,the total land area of 12.18%;moderate erosion area-344.09km2,the total land area of 4.43%;160.56km2-strong erosion area,the total land area of 2.07%;strong erosion area-106.89km2,the total land area of 1.38%;severe erosion area-45.84km2,the total land area 0.59%;micro erosion accounted for 88.72% of the total area of Qingdao.The soil erosion in Qingdao city has the largest area of micro erosion,and the degree of erosion of micro erosion to the whole area is decreasing.In the districts and cities of Qingdao,Huangdao District has the largest erosion area,reaching 32.17km2.And Pingdu district's severe erosion occupied an area of 31.54 km2,lying in the second place.Besides Jiaozhou and Laoshan followed,respectively,at third and fourth.In the area of severe erosion,Huangdao district occupied the largest area,Pingdu City second,Jiaozhou is third.Laoshan district ranked in the fourth with the area of 9.29 km2.However,the area of moderate and above erosion area in Laoshan district is the largest,which is more than 1/5 of its area.And Laoshan became the most serious region of soil and water loss.Only accounted for 4.54% of the total area of Qingdao city soil erosion risk degree of micro risk,moderate risk,moderate risk and extremely dangerous in Qingdao City,an area of only 511.51km2,with an average of 1.11 comprehensive index of dangerous degree of soil erosion in Qingdao City.On the whole soil erosion risk degree is not high,but still need to attach great importance and actively take preventive measures.From different administrative districts,Huangdao and Laoshan District,is the most dangerous potential areas of soil erosion in Qingdao city;from the analysis of different types of landform,The District with above 800 height,hilly and low mountainous area,soil erosion area is the most dangerous;the serious soil erosion area,need to pay close attention to the relevant departments,and actively take water and soil conservation measures to prevent soil erosion.