Molecular Phylogeny Of Common Coleoptera Stored-grain Insects In China

In recent years,the fast development and wide application of molecular biology,the Coleoptera phylogenetic research methods has been changed significantly.the research methods of molecular biology in phylogenetic are gradually penetrating into the traditional research methods of phylogenetic.Compared with the traditional phenotypic characteristics,the molecular biological method is less affected by the environment,so it can better reflect the nature of the evolution of organisms,and the results are more reliable.In this paper,We use molecular biology technique for phylogenetic studies of twenty species of Coleoptera stored-grain insects in ChinaTo analyze the phylogeny of common coleoptera stored-grain insects in China,here,we select the coleoptera stored-grain insects for the research,using the molecule maker of cytochrome c oxidase I(CO ?)mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)gene.As the targets of study,20 species of common coleoptera stored-grain insects were taken from the collected stored-grain insects from the fifth national investigation on fauna of insects in China.The whole 248 samples included in the 20 species of coleoptera stored-grain insects,belong to 10 families of Coleoptera through morphological identification.Three phylogenetic trees(NJ,MP,ML trees)were constructed by using MEGA5.0 software through the analysis of CO ?(647bp)from the multiple sequence alignment of 248 samples.The structures of the phylogenetic trees constructed with three different methods were generally consensus and merely differed in details.Compared with the traditional morphological approaches,the ML phylogenetic tree was more reliable than the other two trees.Hence,the ML phylogenetic tree was selected as the most suitable one for further study.The results of structural analyses of common coleoptera stored-grain insects of China were as follows: Tenebrionidae is of the earliest and the most primitive division in the phylogenetic tree,which distributed on the two branches in the immediate vicinity of Tribolium(T.castaneum and T.confusum)and Paloru(P.subdepressus and P.ratzeburgi)of Tenebrionidae.Laemophloeidae and Nitidulidae of Cucujoidea were clustered in a clade,and shared a clade with the branch of the 11 species of 7 families in Bostrichoidea,Bruchidae,Curculionidae,and Laemophloeidae,among which the divergence of Laemophloeidae occurred in early time;the small branch of Dermestidae and Dermestidae,grouped with the small branch of Anobiidae,Bruchidae and Ostomies in one cluster,thus three branching patterns were developed.Some conclusions can be made from the details of phylogenetic trees: 1.Tribolium(T.castaneum and T.confusum)and Paloru(P.subdepressus and P.ratzeburgi)of Tenebrionidae located in different branches;albeit the location of different branches,genetic relationship of these two genera of Tenebrionidae was closely related.2.The differentiation of Rhizopertha dominica of Bostrichidae is earlier than Trogoderma uariabite and Attagenus unicolor japonicas of Dermestidae.Meanwhile,the genetic relationship of Trogoderma uariabite and Attagenus unicolor japonicas of Dermestidae was more close;3.Lophocateres pusillus of Ostomidae clustered with Callosobruchus chinensis of Bruchidae,and shared a clade with Lasioderma serricome and Stegobium paniceum of Anobiidae;4.The genetic relationship highly varied in a branch of Cucujoidea.Ultimately,combined with different construction methods of phylogenetic trees,the close genetic relationship of Nitidulidae and Laemophloeidae of this branch was verified.To test the accuracy and reliability of phylogenetic trees,we analyzed 44 sequences of hapolotypes from DnaSP software with the same tree-making method and reconstructed the phylogenetic trees of common coleoptera stored-grain insects of China based on these 44 sequences.The haploid-based molecular phylogenetic tree of common coleoptera stored-grain insects of China were constructed,and the structure of which was consensus with the trees built by od with 248 sequences.To further illustrate the phylogenetic relationships among common coleoptera stored-grain insects of China,phylogenetic analysis based on haplotype networks was performed on Cryptolestes ferrugineus,Rhizopertha dominica,Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Cryptolestes pusillus which were more prone to insects and had abundant information of haploid genotype.